I ka makahiki 2023, ʻo ka nui o ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia mai Kina mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa he 237,900 tons, he piʻi ʻana o 13.04% ma mua o ka manawa like o ka makahiki i hala. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai i Ianuali, ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai he 58,000 tons; ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ke kumukūʻai waikawa sulfuric kūloko he kiʻekiʻe loa ia i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ke kumukūʻai lawe mai i Ianuali, e lawe ana iā Shandong ma ke ʻano he laʻana, e like me nā helu helu ʻike Longzhong i Ianuali Shandong 98% sulfuric acid hale hana awelika kumukūʻai o 121 yuan/ton; Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, i Ianuali, ʻo ke kumukūʻai awelika o ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia mai ma Shandong he 12 US kālā/ton, a ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ke kumukūʻai o ke kūʻai ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia mai no ke kahakai o Shandong. Mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa, ʻo ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai i ʻApelila ka haʻahaʻa loa, me ka nui o ka lawe ʻana mai he 0.79 miliona tons; ʻO ke kumu nui, ua hoʻonāwaliwali ʻia ka pono o ke kumukūʻai o ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia mai e ka emi ʻana o nā kumukūʻai waikawa kūloko Kina. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka waikawa sulfuric i kēlā me kēia mahina mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa i ka makahiki 2023 ma kahi o 50,000 tone. Ma ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai lawe mai awelika, ʻo ka ʻikepili dute e pili ana i nā huahana waikawa sulfuric kiʻekiʻe, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka waikawa ʻoihana, a ua ʻike ʻia kona awelika kiʻekiʻe o kēlā me kēia mahina i ʻApelila, me ke kumukūʻai awelika o $105 / tone, ʻo ia hoʻi nā huahana waikawa sulfuric kiʻekiʻe e pili ana i ka hana ʻana e hiki mai ana. ʻO ke kumukūʻai lawe mai awelika haʻahaʻa loa i ʻAukake, i ka wā he $40 / tone ke kumukūʻai awelika.

Ua hoʻohuihui nui ʻia nā lawe ʻana mai o ka waikawa sulfuric mai Kina i ka makahiki 2023. Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o ka waikawa sulfuric mai Kina mai Kōlea Hema, Taiwan a me Iapana, ʻo nā mea mua ʻelua he 97.02%, nona ka 240,400 tons i lawe ʻia mai Kōlea Hema, e helu ana no 93.07%, he piʻi o 1.87% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala; Ua lawe ʻia mai he 10,200 tons mai ka Panalāʻau ʻo Taiwan o Kina, e helu ana no 3.95%, i lalo he 4.84 mai ka makahiki i hala, ua lawe ʻia mai he 0.77 miliona tons mai Iapana, e helu ana no 2.98%, i ka makahiki i hala, ʻaneʻane ʻaʻohe lawe ʻana mai o Iapana i ka waikawa sulfuric i Kina.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ka lawe ʻana mai o ka waikawa sulfuric mai Kina e like me nā helu helu wahi hoʻopaʻa inoa, ʻo nā panalāʻau ʻelua ʻo Shandong a me Jiangsu, e helu ana i 96.99%, he piʻi o 4.41% ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kumu nui o ke kumu o Shandong a me Jiangsu nā wahi lawe nui, ʻo ia ka kokoke ʻana iā Iapana a me Kōlea Hema, ke kumu o nā lawe mai, a ʻoi aku ka makemake o ka lawe ʻana mai i ka ukana kai a he maʻalahi ka halihali. Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ke ʻano kālepa nui o ka lawe ʻana mai o ka waikawa sulfuric mai Kina, ʻo ia ke kālepa laulā, e lawe mai ana i 252,400 tons, e helu ana i 97.72%, he piʻi o 4.01% ma mua o ka makahiki i hala. Ma hope o ke kālepa hana lawe mai, lawe mai i 0.59 miliona tons, e helu ana i 2.28%, i lalo 4.01% mai ka makahiki i hala.

I ka makahiki 2023, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa, ʻo ka nui o ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia aku mai Kina he 1,621,700 tons, he 47.55% ka emi ma mua o ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. I waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ʻAukake ka mea nui loa, me ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku he 219,400 tons; ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ka lohi o ke koi ma ka mākeke waikawa sulfuric kūloko i ʻAukake, ka waihona i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka wā mua o ka hale hana waikawa, a me ke koi hou ma ka mākeke honua e like me Indonesia. I mea e hōʻoluʻolu ai i ka waihona a me ke kaomi kūʻai kūloko, hoʻonui iki nā hale hana waikawa kahakai i nā hoʻokuʻu aku ma lalo o nā kumukūʻai haʻahaʻa o ka honua. Mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa, ʻo ka nui o ka waikawa sulfuric i lawe ʻia aku mai Kina i Malaki he 129,800 tons, i lalo he 74.9% mai ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. ʻO ke kumu nui ma muli o ke kau momona mahiʻai pūnāwai kūloko i Malaki, ua piʻi ka noi, a hiki i ke kumukūʻai waikawa sulfuric kūloko ke mālama i kahi 100 yuan, ʻoiai ua hāʻule ke kumukūʻai hoʻokuʻu aku i nā helu hoʻokahi, a pono nā hale hana waikawa e kākoʻo i ka ukana. Ma lalo o ka ʻokoʻa nui o ke kumukūʻai o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka waikawa sulfuric ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē, ua hāʻule nui ka nui o nā kauoha hoʻokuʻu aku i ka waikawa sulfuric. Mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku i ka waikawa sulfuric ma kahi o 90,000 tons. Ma ke ʻano o ke kumukūʻai lawe mai awelika, ʻo ka ʻikepili dute e pili ana i nā kauoha lōʻihi i kau inoa ʻia i ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ka makahiki, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ke kumukūʻai ma mua o ka wahi, a ua ʻike ʻia ka piko awelika o kēlā me kēia mahina i Pepeluali, me ke kumukūʻai awelika o 25.4 US kālā/ton; ʻO ke kumukūʻai lawe mai awelika haʻahaʻa loa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ʻApelila ma $8.50/ton.

I ka makahiki 2023, ua hoʻopuehu ʻia nā wahi e loaʻa ai ka sulfuric acid mai Kina. Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ua hoʻouna nui ʻia nā mea i lawe ʻia aku ai ka sulfuric acid mai Kina i Indonesia, Saudi Arabia, Chile, India, Morocco a me nā ʻāina hana hoʻoheheʻe a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe he 67.55%, ʻo ka loli maopopo loa, ua pōmaikaʻi ʻo Indonesia mai ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana hoʻoheheʻe metala, ʻo kāna mau mea i lawe aku he 509,400 tons, e helu ana he 31.41%. Ma lalo o ke kua o ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā mea i lawe ʻia aku ai ka sulfuric acid i loko o ka ʻāina, ua piʻi aʻe kāna mau mea i lawe ʻia mai ai ka sulfuric acid ma 387.93% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala; ʻO nā mea i lawe ʻia aku i Morocco he 178,300 tons, e helu ana he 10.99%, ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke koi o ka phosphate fertilizer honua i ka hapa mua o ka makahiki, e hopena ana i ka emi ʻana o 79.75% mai ka manawa like i ka makahiki i hala. Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ke ʻano kālepa nui o nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku mai Kina mai ka sulfuric acid, ʻo ia ke kālepa laulā, me nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku he 1,621,100 tons, e helu ana he 99.96%, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi ma mua o 0.01% i ka makahiki 2022, a me nā mea i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku mai ka palena ʻāina mai he 0.06,000 tons, e helu ana he 0.04%, he piʻi ʻana o 0.01% i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me 2022.

Wahi a ka ʻikepili dute, mai Ianuali a Kepakemapa 2023, ʻo ka nui o ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻokuʻu ʻia aku e Kina e like me nā helu helu hoʻopaʻa inoa, ʻo nā mea ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe loa ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku he 531,800 tons ma Jiangsu Province, 418,400 tons ma Guangxi Province, a me 282,000 tons ma Shanghai, e helu ana i 32.79%, 25.80%, 17.39% o ka nui o ka hoʻokuʻu aku o ka ʻāina, he 75.98% ka huina. ʻO nā ʻoihana hoʻokuʻu aku nui ʻo Jiangsu Double Lion, Guangxi Jinchuan, nā mea kālepa Shanghai e kūʻai aku i ka ʻoihana keleawe hikina hema o Fujian a me nā kumuwaiwai waikawa sulfuric Shandong Hengbang.