ʻO MIT-Ivy Industry kahi ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kemika waena e hoʻohui ana i ka hana, kūʻai aku a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema.Ke hana nui nei mākou i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana i kahi ʻano o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi loa i ka mālama ʻana i nā anti-AIDS, cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular drugs, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea waena o nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory. ʻO nā huahana o ka sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L- kūʻai ʻia ka valine methyl ester hydrochloride ma ka home a ma waho.1.Introduction of pharmaceutical intermediatesPharmaceutical intermediates e pili ana i nā huahana waena e like me nā mea maka, nā mea a me nā mea kōkua i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana pharmaceutical. a me nā mea lāʻau ikaika e ʻae i ka palapala GMP.ʻO nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻo ia wale nō ka synthesis a me ka hana ʻana i nā mea kemika.ʻO lākou nā huahana maʻamau a lalo i ke kaulahao hana lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia nā lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka palapala GMP. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā intermediates pharmaceutical i nā mea kanu kemika maʻamau a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis o nā huahana lāʻau i kekahi mau pae. e hoemi ana i ka paepae komo o ka oihana no na mea hana waena.Ke kii2.ʻO ka pālākiō o ka ʻoihana waena o ka lāʻau lapaʻauMe ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka ʻenehana ʻoihana, transnational production transfer a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana o ka mahele honua o ka hana o nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau multinational nui, ua lilo ʻo Kina i kumu hana waena koʻikoʻi i ka māhele honua o ka hana o ka ʻoihana lāʻau. Hōʻike e pili ana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana lapaʻau waena o Kina (2016), mai 2011 a i 2015, ʻo Kina ka lāʻau lapaʻau intermediates ʻoihana a me kāna huina huahana i hoʻonui ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka hui ʻana o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki ma kahi o 13,5%. o ka pharmaceutical intermediates ma Kina i hiki i 422.56 billion yuan ma 2015, he piʻi o 9.88% makahiki ma ka makahiki.Industry puka i hiki i 17.2 miliona tons, i ka 10.26 pakeneka makahiki ma ka makahiki.The huahana waiwai o pharmaceutical intermediates oihana ma Kina e kokoke i hookahi trillion yuan ma 2020. ʻO ke kiʻi3.ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona ʻoihana o nā intermediates pharmaceutical ʻO ka ʻoihana e makemake nui i ka optimization a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana: He haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa ka pae ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa o Kina, a he liʻiliʻi nā ʻoihana e hana ana i kahi helu nui o nā intermediates lapaʻau holomua a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā intermediates no nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou patented, aia i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO ka pae o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka huahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau ʻoihana me ka noiʻi ikaika a me ka ikaika hoʻomohala, nā keʻena hana kiʻekiʻe a me ka ʻike hana nui e hiki ke loaʻa nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe ma ka hoʻokūkū. ʻoihana ʻoihana.Ma lalo o ke kumu hoʻohālike i hana ʻia, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ka pilina ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku nui a me nā mea hoʻolako, a ʻoi aku ka pili o ka hui ʻana, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻāpana hui i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku nui. nā mea hoʻolako.No laila, e like me ka 'oihana me ka ikaika stickiness, pharmaceutical intermediates 'oihana 'oihana nui ka nānā 'ana i ka mea kaulana haole lāʻau lapaʻau 'oihana i keia manawa stage. state.Low-end export mainly: the main export regions of pharmaceutical intermediates in China are EU, North America, Middle East, Southeast Asia, etc.The export of our country mainly concentrated in vitamin C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid a me kāna mau paʻakai a me nā esters, e like me nā huahana, nā hiʻohiʻona o nā huahana nā huahana huahana, nā ʻoihana hana, ikaika ka hoʻokūkū mākeke, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai huahana a me ka waiwai hoʻohui, ʻo ka hana nui o ia mau mea i kumu i ke kūlana kūʻai nui o ka mākeke waena. ʻO nā huahana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe ka mea nui i lawe ʻia maiʻO ka nui o nā ʻoihana kūʻokoʻa, maʻalahi ka hana, ʻaʻole nui ka nui o ka hoʻopukapuka kālā, ma waena o nā miliona a ʻumi a iwakālua paha miliona yuan. a ʻo Jintan, Jiangsu ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina. ʻO Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (me Zibo), hikina ʻākau (Siping, Fushun) a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me nā kūlana maikaʻi no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā intermediates pharmaceutical ua ulu wikiwiki loa. Hoʻohou huahana wikiwiki: aia ka huahana ma ka mākeke 3 a 5 mau makahiki ma hope, e hāʻule nui ka nui o ka loaʻa kālā, e koi ana i nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala mau i nā huahana hou a i ʻole e hoʻomaikaʻi mau i ke kaʻina hana, i mea e mālama ai i ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe. : no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa ʻana o ka loaʻa kālā ma mua o kēlā of huahana kemika, a me ke kaʻina hana o na mea elua, ua basically like, oi aku a oi aku liilii kemika hui i ka hana ana o pharmaceutical intermediates, e alakai ana i increasingly fierce disorderly hoʻokūkū ma ka oihana.4.He nui nā ʻano o nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau, me ka cephalosporin intermediates, amino acid protectant series, vitamin intermediates, quinolone intermediates, a me nā ʻano mea like ʻole, e like me nā intermediates disinfectant, antiepileptic drug intermediates, fluoropyridine intermediates a me nā mea ʻē aʻe. .According i kā lākou palapala noi, hiki ke maheleia i antibiotic lāʻau intermediates, antipyretic a me analgesic lāʻau intermediates, cardiovascular nenoaiu lāʻau intermediates, anti-cancer lāʻau intermediates a pela aku. mea hou, e hana ana i na oihana molekala maikai he nui i loko o ka oihana pharmaceutical intermediates. He nui na ano o na laau lapaau kūikawā. E like me imidazole, furan, phenolic intermediates, aromatic intermediates, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen pūhui, heterocyclic pūhui, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, pauka kōpaʻa, inorganic paʻakai, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid a me ethanol amine paʻakai, sylvite, sodium paʻakai a me nā mea'ē aʻe. ʻO ke kiʻi5.Patent CliffMai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻomau ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau honua ma mua o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa, e ulu ana ma mua o ʻelua mau manawa e like me nā lāʻau lapaʻau patent. ʻO ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau mai 2005 a hiki i 2013 e manaʻo ʻia e hiki i ka 14.7%. ʻO ka mākeke generics honua e manaʻo ʻia e ulu e 10% a 14% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o 4% a 6% no ka ʻoihana lāʻau holoʻokoʻa. Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau maʻamau e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana waena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO nāʻano likeʻole o ka pauʻana o ka honua holoʻokoʻa eʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 200 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i kapaʻiaʻo "Patent Cliff" ma ka honua.eak i ka makahiki 2014, me ka huina o 326 mau laau patent e pau ana.ʻO 2010 a me 2017 nā makahiki kiʻekiʻe ʻelua, me 205 a me 242 mau lāʻau patent e pau ana.ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i pau ka nui o ka anti-infective, endocrine, nerve system a me nā lāʻau cardiovascular, me ka nui o ka mākeke nui. nā lāʻau lapaʻau, e pahū ka hana ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau pili, e alakaʻi i ka ulu wikiwiki o ka noi no nā intermediates pharmaceutical pili. ʻO ke kiʻi6.Environmental pressureChina ua ua he nui exporter o API intermediates, a me ka polluter nui.Pharmaceutical intermediate Manufacturers no ka maikai kemika 'oihana, aia no e like pollution risk.According i statistics mai ke Kuhina o Environmental Protection, ka huina hoonui waiwai o ka ʻO ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko ma lalo o 3 ka nui o ka GDP o ka ʻāina, akā ʻo ka nui o ka pollution emissions a hiki i ka 6%. ka mea e hoʻohaumia ai i ka ea a me ka wai ma ke ʻano koʻikoʻi. E like me ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka Ministry of Environmental Protection, ma Pepeluali 15, 2017, ua hoʻolaha ka hui kūikawā no ka maikaʻi o ka ea i ka hapaha mua o 2017 ʻaʻole i hoʻolaha ʻia ke kaomi ʻana ma Shijiazhuang. ma kahi, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ke aupuni pae kalana ma luna o ka Environmental Nā limahana o ka Bureau Protection i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻolālā pilikia o ka wā pollution koʻikoʻi, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i komo nā keʻena ʻē aʻe i kahi kiʻekiʻe. ʻO nā kumukūʻai hoʻohaumia kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi hoʻoponopono, a me nā ʻoihana lapaʻau kuʻuna e hana nui ana i ka pollution kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me nā huahana haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa (e like me ka penicillin, nā huaora, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻia. ua lilo i ka wā e hiki mai ana hoʻomohala kuhikuhi o pharmaceutical intermediates industry.The kiʻi
7. Nā alakaʻi ʻoihana
ʻoihana mit-ivy
Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd.Plo Co., Ltd
Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. LtdZhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. LtdZhejiang Hisoar Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd. Specialty Chemicals Co.,Ltd.