ʻO MIT-Ivy Industry kahi ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā kemika e hoʻohui ana i ka hana ʻana, ke kūʻai aku ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻepekema. Me nā lako hana holomua a me ka ʻenehana hana, mālama mākou i nā pilina hana maikaʻi me nā ʻoihana noiʻi ʻepekema a me nā kulanui nui a me waena. Ke komo nui nei mākou i ka hana ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o kahi moʻo o nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku hoʻi i ka mālama ʻana i nā lāʻau anti-AIDS, cardiovascular a me cerebrovascular, a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā waena o nā lāʻau anti-inflammatory. Kūʻai ʻia nā huahana o ka sodium azide, triphenyl chloromethane, L-valine methyl ester hydrochloride ma ka home a ma waho. 1. Hoʻolauna o nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau ʻO nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā huahana waena e like me nā mea maka, nā mea a me nā excipients i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ka ʻoiaʻiʻo, he mau mea maka kemika a i ʻole nā ​​​​huahana kemika i ke kaʻina hana o ka synthesis lāʻau. ʻO ke kiʻi Pono nā mea hana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau ponoʻī a me nā mea lāʻau hana e ʻae i ka palapala hōʻoia GMP. ʻO nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoiai i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana lāʻau, ʻo ia wale nō ka synthesis a me ka hana ʻana o nā mea maka kemika. ʻO lākou nā huahana kumu loa a me nā huahana haʻahaʻa loa i loko o ke kaulahao hana lāʻau lapaʻau a ʻaʻole hiki ke kapa ʻia he mau lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila ʻaʻole koi ʻia ka palapala hōʻoia GMP. Hiki ke hana ʻia nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau i nā mea kanu kemika maʻamau a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis o nā huahana lāʻau lapaʻau ma kekahi mau pae. Hoʻemi pū kēia i ka paepae komo o ka ʻoihana no nā mea hana waena. ʻO ke kiʻi2. ʻO ka unahi o ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau Me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ke ʻano ʻoihana, ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka hana transnational a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ʻana o ka mahele hana honua o nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau multinational nui, ua lilo ʻo Kina i kumu hana waena koʻikoʻi ma ka mahele hana honua o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau. Wahi a ka Research Report on the Development of China's Pharmaceutical Intermediates Industry (2016), mai 2011 a 2015, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau o Kina a me kona waiwai hana holoʻokoʻa i kēlā me kēia makahiki, me ka ulu makahiki hui o kahi 13.5%. I waena o lākou, ua hōʻea ka waiwai hana holoʻokoʻa o nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina i 422.56 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2015, he piʻi ʻana o 9.88% makahiki ma ka makahiki. Ua hōʻea ka hana ʻoihana i 17.2 miliona tons, piʻi 10.26 pakeneka makahiki ma ka makahiki. ʻO ka waiwai hana o ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina e kokoke i hoʻokahi trillion yuan ma ka makahiki 2020. ʻO ke kiʻi 3. ʻO nā ʻano ʻoihana o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau Ke koi nui nei ka ʻoihana i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana: ʻO ka pae ʻenehana holoʻokoʻa o Kina he haʻahaʻa loa ia, a he kakaikahi nā ʻoihana e hana ana i kahi nui o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau holomua a me ke kākoʻo ʻana i nā mea waena no nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, aia ma ke kahua hoʻomohala o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka hoʻonohonoho huahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana. ʻO kekahi mau ʻoihana wale nō me ka ikaika noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ikaika, nā hale hana holomua a me ka ʻike hana nui hiki ke loaʻa nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe i ka hoʻokūkū. ʻO ka pae ʻoihana paʻa: Lawe nā mea hana nui i ka hana maʻamau ma ke ʻano he kumu hoʻohālike ʻoihana nui. Ma lalo o ke kumu hoʻohālike hana maʻamau, ʻo ka pilina hana ma waena o nā mea kūʻai aku nui a me nā mea hoʻolako he paʻa loa, a ʻo ka pili loa o ka hana like ʻana, ʻoi aku ke kiʻekiʻe o ka hilinaʻi, a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā māhele hana like i hāʻawi ʻia e nā mea kūʻai aku nui. He lōʻihi ka manawa e hoʻololi ai i nā mea hoʻolako. No laila, ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana me ka paʻa ikaika, ʻo nā ʻoihana ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau e kālele nui ana i nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau haole kaulana i kēia manawa. I ka wā i komo ai ka ʻoihana i ka ʻōnaehana hoʻolako koʻikoʻi o nā pilikua lāʻau lapaʻau, ua mālama ʻia ka pae hana a me ka palena waiwai nui i kahi kūlana paʻa. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu aku haʻahaʻa: ʻo nā wahi hoʻokuʻu aku nui o nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina ʻo EU, ʻAmelika ʻĀkau, Hikina Waena, Hikina Hema ʻAsia, a pēlā aku. ʻO ka hoʻokuʻu aku o ko mākou ʻāina i kālele nui ʻia i ka huaora C, penicillin, acetaminophen, citric acid a me kona mau paʻakai a me nā esters, e like me nā waiwai, ʻo nā ʻano o nā huahana he hana huahana, nā ʻoihana hana, he ikaika ka hoʻokūkū mākeke, haʻahaʻa ke kumukūʻai huahana a me ka waiwai i hoʻohui ʻia, ʻo ka hana nui ʻana o lākou i hoʻoulu ai i ke kūlana oversupply mākeke waena lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko. Lawe nui ʻia nā huahana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe. Nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me waena: ʻo nā ʻoihana hana he mau ʻoihana pilikino, hana maʻalahi, ʻaʻole nui ka pae hoʻopukapuka kālā, ma waena o miliona a ʻumi a iwakālua paha miliona yuan. Ka noʻonoʻo ʻāina: ʻo ka hoʻolaha ʻāina o nā ʻoihana hana ua kālele nui ʻia, a puni kekahi mau hale hana lāʻau lapaʻau nui, i hoʻolaha nui ʻia ma Taizhou, Zhejiang a me Jintan, Jiangsu ma ke kikowaena o ka ʻāina. Ua ulu wikiwiki ʻo Zhejiang Huangyan, Taizhou, Nanjing Jintan, Shijiazhuang, Jinan (me Zibo), hikina ʻākau (Siping, Fushun) a me nā wahi ʻē aʻe me nā kūlana kūpono no ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau. Hoʻohou wikiwiki i ka huahana: aia kahi huahana ma ka mākeke ma hope o 3 a 5 mau makahiki, e hāʻule nui ana kona uku waiwai, ka mea e koi ai i nā ʻoihana e hoʻomohala mau i nā huahana hou a hoʻomaikaʻi mau paha i ke kaʻina hana, i mea e mālama ai i ka loaʻa kālā kiʻekiʻe. Hoʻokūkū ikaika: no ka mea, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka loaʻa kālā o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua o nā huahana kemika, a ʻo ke kaʻina hana o nā mea ʻelua ua like like, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻoihana kemika liʻiliʻi e hui pū me ka hana ʻana o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau, e alakaʻi ana i ka hoʻokūkū haunaele ikaika i ka ʻoihana. ʻAno o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau Nui nā ʻano o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau, me nā mea waena cephalosporin, nā moʻo pale waikawa amino, nā mea waena huaora, nā mea waena quinolone, a me nā ʻano mea waena ʻē aʻe, e like me nā mea waena disinfectant lapaʻau, nā mea waena lāʻau antiepileptic, nā mea waena fluoropyridine, nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau steroid, a pēlā aku. Wahi a kā lākou kahua noi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā mea waena lāʻau antibiotic, nā mea waena lāʻau antipyretic a me analgesic, nā mea waena lāʻau cardiovascular system, nā mea waena lāʻau anti-cancer a pēlā aku. I kēia manawa, aia ma kahi o nā haneli o nā huahana mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau, a ke hoʻomau nei i ka hana hou, e hana ana i nā ʻoihana molekala maikaʻi he nui i ka ʻoihana mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau. Nui nā ʻano o nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau kikoʻī. E like me imidazole, furan, nā mea waena phenolic, nā mea waena aromatic, pyrrole, pyridine, biochemical reagents, sulfur, nitrogen, halogen compounds, heterocyclic compounds, microcrystalline cellulose, starch, mannitol, lactose, dextrin, ethylene glycol, powdered sugar, inorganic salts, ethanol intermediates, stearic acid, amino acid a me ethanol amine paʻakai, sylvite, paʻakai sodium a me nā mea waena ʻē aʻe a pēlā aku. Ke kiʻi5. ʻO Patent CliffMai ka makahiki 2000, ua hoʻomau ka mākeke generics honua i ka ulu wikiwiki ma mua o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa, e ulu ana ma mua o ʻelua manawa ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki o nā lāʻau lapaʻau i hoʻopaʻa ʻia. Manaʻo ʻia ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau honua e hōʻea i $180 biliona ma 2013, a ʻo ka CAGR o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau honua mai 2005 a i 2013 e hōʻea i 14.7%. Manaʻo ʻia ka mākeke generics honua e ulu ma 10% a 14% i nā makahiki ʻelima e hiki mai ana, ʻoi aku ka wikiwiki ma mua o ka ulu ʻana o 4% a 6% no ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau holoʻokoʻa.Hiki ke hoʻomaopopo ʻia ʻo ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau generic e hoʻolaha maopopo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau.Mai 2010 a i 2020, e hoʻolauna ka mākeke lāʻau lapaʻau honua i kahi nalu o ke kai kiʻekiʻe o ka pau ʻana o ka Patent, ma waena o ia mea, mai 2013 a i 2020, ʻoi aku ka awelika o nā ʻano pau ʻana o ka Patent honua ma mua o 200 i kēlā me kēia makahiki, i ʻike ʻia ʻo "Patent Cliff" ma ka honua.I ka makahiki 2014, e loaʻa kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka lāʻau lapaʻau patent ka pau ʻana, kahi e loaʻa ai kahi kiʻekiʻe i ka makahiki 2014, me ka huina o 326 mau lāʻau lapaʻau patent e pau ana. ʻO 2010 a me 2017 nā makahiki kiʻekiʻe ʻelua, me 205 a me 242 mau lāʻau lapaʻau patent e pau ana. ʻO nā lāʻau lapaʻau i pau ka hapa nui o nā lāʻau anti-infective, endocrine, nervous system a me cardiovascular, me ka nui o ka mākeke. ʻO ka pau ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau patent haole e lawe mai i nā mea hoʻoulu hou i ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Kina. No ka mea, ma hope o ka pau ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau patent, e pahū ka hana ʻana o nā lāʻau lapaʻau generic e pili ana, kahi e hoʻokele ai i ka ulu wikiwiki o ke koi no nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana. ʻO ke kiʻi 6. Kaomi kaiapuni ʻO Kina kahi mea hoʻopuka nui o nā mea waena API, a me kahi mea haumia nui. No ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi nā mea hana waena lāʻau lapaʻau, e loaʻa ka pilikia haumia like. Wahi a nā helu helu mai ke Kuhina o ka Palekana Kaiapuni, ʻo ka huina waiwai o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau kūloko ma lalo o 3 pakeneka o ka GDP o ka ʻāina, akā ʻo ka nui o nā hoʻokuʻu haumia e hiki i ka 6 pakeneka. Ma waena o nā ʻano lāʻau āpau, ʻo ka API i hōʻike nui ʻia e nā huaora a me ka penicillin no ka ʻoihana o ka haumia kiʻekiʻe a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe, kahi e haumia ai ka ea a me ka wai. E like me ka hoʻolaha like ʻana o ke Kuhina o ka Palekana Kaiapuni, ma Pepeluali 15, 2017, ua hoʻolaha ka hui nānā kūikawā no ka maikaʻi o ka ea i ka hapaha mua o 2017 ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka hoʻokele kaomi ma Shijiazhuang, a ʻo ke aupuni pae kalana ke kumu nui o ke aupuni ma luna o nā limahana o ka Environmental Protection Bureau i ka hoʻokō ʻana i ka hoʻolālā pilikia o ka wā haumia kaumaha, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i komo nā keʻena ʻē aʻe i ke kekelē kiʻekiʻe. ʻO ka haumia o nā ʻoihana liʻiliʻi a me ka waena e hana ana i nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau ma Shijiazhuang koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau me ka ʻenehana hope e halihali i nā kumukūʻai kaohi haumia kiʻekiʻe a me ke kaomi hoʻoponopono, a ʻo nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau kuʻuna e hana nui ana i ka haumia kiʻekiʻe, ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ikehu kiʻekiʻe a me nā huahana waiwai haʻahaʻa (e like me ka penicillin, nā huaora, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e alo i ka hoʻopau wikiwiki ʻana. ʻO ka pili ʻana i ka hana hou a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻenehana lāʻau lapaʻau ʻōmaʻomaʻo ua lilo i kuhikuhi hoʻomohala e hiki mai ana o ka ʻoihana waena lāʻau lapaʻau. ʻO ke kiʻi
7. Nā alakaʻi ʻoihana
ʻoihana mit-ivy
ʻO Zhejiang NHU Company Ltd.Plo Co., Ltd
ʻO Lianhe Chemical Technology Co., Ltd.ʻO Anhui Bayi Chemical Co. LtdʻO Zhejiang Huahai Pharmaceutical Co. LtdʻO Zhejiang Hisoar Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.ʻO Jiangsu Jiujiu Technology Co., LtdʻO Federal pharmaceutical (chengdu) co., LTDʻO Zhejiang Yongtai Technology Co., Ltd.ʻO Suzhou Tianma Specialty Chemicals Co., Ltd.