N,N-Dimethylaniline

ʻIke ʻia hoʻi ʻo dimethyl tiphenylamine, wai ʻaila melemele māmā ʻole, me kahi ʻala ʻawaʻawa, maʻalahi ke oxidize i ka lewa a i ʻole ma lalo o ka lā a hoʻohana i ka ze i pouli. ʻO ka density pili (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, kiko hau 2.0 ℃, kiko paila 193 ℃, kiko flash (wehe) 77 ℃, kiko flash 317 ℃, viscosity (25 ℃) 1.528mpa-s, index refractive (n20D) 1.5584. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻano hui organik like ʻole. Hoʻoheheʻe iki ʻia i ka wai. He mea hiki ke puhi a e puhi i ka hihia o ka lapalapa hāmama. E hana ka mahu a me ka ea i kahi hui pahū me ka palena pahū o 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). He mea ʻawaʻawa loa ia, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea aniline ʻawaʻawa e ka decomposition ikehu wela kiʻekiʻe. Hiki ke omo ʻia ma o ka ʻili a hoʻoulu i ka lāʻau make, LD501410mg/kg, ʻo ka nui loa i ʻae ʻia i ka lewa he 5mg/m3.
ʻAno mālama
1. Nā Mālama Mālama[25] E mālama i loko o kahi hale waihona anuanu a maikaʻi ka ea. E mālama mamao aku mai ke ahi a me nā kumu wela. E hoʻopaʻa pono i ka ipu. Pono e mālama ʻokoʻa ʻia mai nā waikawa, nā halogens, a me nā kemika ʻai, a ʻaʻole loa e hui pū ʻia. Hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui o nā lako kinai ahi. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia kahi mālama me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia no nā leaka a me nā mea pale kūpono.

2. E hoʻohana i ka pahu hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, 180kg no kēlā me kēia pahu, a mālama i kahi anuanu a me ka ea. E mālama a lawe e like me nā lula o nā mea lapalapa a me nā mea ʻawahia.
ʻano hana hoʻohuihui
1. Loaʻa ia ma o ka hopena ma waena o ka aniline a me ka methanol i ke alo o ka waikawa sulfuric i ke ana wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Kahe o ke kaʻina hana: 1. Hoʻohui ʻia he 790kg o ka aniline, 625kg o ka methanol, 85kg o ka waikawa sulfuric (ammonium 100%) i loko o ka ipu hao hopena, ka mahana hoʻomalu 210-215 ℃, kaomi 3.1MPa, pane no 4h, a laila hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea i ka mea hoʻokaʻawale, neutralized e 30% sodium hydroxide, static, a hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka paʻakai ammonium quaternary haʻahaʻa. A laila ma 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa ka hopena hydrolysis no 3h, hui pū ʻia nā huahana hydrolysis a me ka papa o luna o nā mea aila ma ka holoi ʻana ma hope o ka distillation vacuum o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.

2. Me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka methanol a me ka aniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ua synthesized ʻia e ka mea hoʻoulu alumina ma lalo o ke kūlana o 200-250 ℃ me ka methanol keu a me ke kaomi lewa. ʻO ka quota hoʻohana mea maka: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Hiki i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka hale hana ke hana i ka aniline me ka trimethyl phosphate.

3, hui ʻia ka aniline a me ka methanol (n aniline: n methanol ≈ 1:3), a ma o ka pauma ana ʻole-pulse reciprocating i hoʻokomo ʻia ma ka wikiwiki o ka ea 0.5h-1 i loko o ka reactor i lako me kahi mea hoʻonui, ka hopena e kahe mua i loko o ka mea hoʻokaʻawale kinoea-wai aniani, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale ma lalo o ka wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia ma nā manawa maʻamau i wehe ʻia no ka nānā ʻana i ka chromatographic.

I ka makahiki 2001, ua hui pū ʻo Nankai University a me Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. i kahi mea hoʻouluulu methylation aniline kūpono loa, a ua hoʻokō i ka synthesis gas-phase o N,N-dimethyl aniline. Penei ke kaʻina hana: Hoʻohui ʻia ka aniline wai me ka methanol, hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hale kiaʻi vaporization, a laila hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o kahi reactor tubular me ka wikiwiki o ka ea o 0.5-1.0h-1 (ua lako ka moena paʻa o ka reactor tubular me ka mea hoʻouluulu nano-solid i hoʻouka ʻia), a hana mau ʻia ma 250-300 ℃ ma lalo o ke kaomi lewa, me ka hua DMA ma luna o 96%.

ʻAno hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Loaʻa pinepine nā mea haumia e like me ka aniline a me ka N-methyl aniline. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo N,N-dimethylaniline i loko o ka 40% sulfuric acid a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka mahu wai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide e hoʻolilo iā ia i alkaline. Hoʻomau ʻia ka distillation me ka mahu wai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka distillate i nā papa wai a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia me ka potassium hydroxide. Hana ʻia ka distillation kaomi maʻamau i ke alo o ka acetic anhydride. Holoi ʻia ka distillate me ka wai e wehe i nā koena o ka acetic anhydride, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia me ka potassium hydroxide, ukali ʻia e ka barium oxide, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi i hoʻemi ʻia i ke alo o kahi kahawai nitrogen. ʻO nā ʻano hana ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka distillate e komo pū ana me ka hoʻohui ʻana i 10% acetic anhydride a me ka refluxing no kekahi mau hola e wehe i nā amines mua a me nā lua. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaʻalili ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia ka nui o 20% hydrochloric acid a unuhi ʻia me ka ether. ʻO ka papa hydrochloric acid he alkaline me ka alkali a laila unuhi ʻia me ka ether, a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka papa ether me ka potassium hydroxide a unuhi ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi i hoʻemi ʻia ma lalo o kahi kahawai nitrogen. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ʻo N,N-dimethylaniline i nā paʻakai picric acid, hoʻopili hou ʻia i kahi kiko heheʻe mau a laila hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me kahi hopena wai mahana 10% o ka sodium hydroxide. A laila unuhi ʻia me ka ether, holoi ʻia a hoʻomaloʻo ʻia, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi i hoʻemi ʻia.

5. ʻO Aniline, methanol a me ka sulfuric acid i hui pū ʻia ma ka hapa, ka hopena condensation i loko o ka autoclave, nā huahana hopena e ka hoʻōla ʻana o ke kaomi o ka methanol, hoʻohui i ka alkali neutralization, hoʻokaʻawale a laila distillation e ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaomi e loaʻa ai ka huahana.

6. Hiki ke hoʻoulu ʻia ʻo N,N-dimethylaniline e ka hopena methylation o ka aniline a me ka trimethyl phosphate, a laila unuhi ʻia e ka ether, maloʻo a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.

7. Hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ʻo N,N-dimethylaniline ma ka moena catalytic o ka mea hoʻouluulu Ziegler i loko o ka ʻōnaehana keleawe-manganese a i ʻole ka ʻōnaehana keleawe-zinc-chromium ma 280 ℃ me ka hui ʻana o ka aniline a me ka methanol ma ka lakio o 1:3.5. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka N,N-dimethylaniline i loaʻa ma 193-195 ℃ ma kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe kolamu 54-tab a hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā ʻōmole aniani ʻeleʻele. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka N,N-dimethylaniline maʻemaʻe, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka N,N-dimethylaniline me ke kinoea nitrogen ma ke ʻano he kinoea lawe i loko o ka chromatograph kinoea hoʻomākaukau nona kahi kolamu phosphate metala.