N,N-Dimethylaniline
ʻIke pū ʻia ʻo dimethyl tiphenylamine, ʻaʻole waihoʻoluʻu i ka wai ʻaila melemele māmā, me kahi ʻala ʻala, maʻalahi ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka lewa a i ʻole ma lalo o ka lā a hoʻohana i ka ze pōʻeleʻele. Māmā pili (20 ℃ / 4 ℃) 0.9555, kahi hau hau 2.0 ℃, kahi e hoʻolapalapa ai 193 ℃, kiko uila (wehe) 77 ℃, kiko uila 317 ℃, viscosity (25 ℃) 1.528mpa-s, index refractive (n20D) 41. . Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene a me nā mea hoʻoheheʻe kūlohelohe ʻē aʻe. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o nā ʻano mea like ʻole. Hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai. Hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia a e ʻā ke ahi inā e hāmama ka lapalapa. ʻO ka mahu a me ka ea e hana i kahi hui pahū me ka palena pahū o 1.2% ~ 7.0% (vol). He mea ʻawaʻawa loa ia, a hoʻokuʻu ʻia ke kinoea aniline ʻona e ka decomposition ikehu wela. Hiki ke komo i loko o ka ʻili a me ka make ʻana, LD501410mg/kg, ʻo ka nui o ka ʻae ʻia i ka ea he 5mg/m3.
Ke ala mālama
1. Mālama ʻia no ka mālama ʻana[25] E kūʻai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai anuanu a maikaʻi. E mālama i ke ahi a me nā kumu wela. E hoʻopaʻa i ka pahu. Pono e mālama kaʻawale ʻia mai nā waikawa, nā halogens, a me nā kemika hiki ke ʻai, ʻaʻole i hui pū ʻia. Hoʻolako ʻia me nā ʻano like ʻole a me ka nui o nā lako ahi. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahi e mālama ai me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia no nā leaks a me nā lako hale kūpono.
2. E hoʻokomo i ka pahu hao i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka paʻi ʻana, 180kg no ka pahu, a waiho ma kahi anuanu a me ka makani. E mālama a lawe ʻia e like me nā lula o nā mea hiki ke hoʻopau ʻia.
ʻano hana synthesis
1. Loaʻa ia ma ka hopena ma waena o ka aniline a me ka methanol i ke alo o ka sulfuric acid ma ke kiʻekiʻe wela a me ke kaomi kiʻekiʻe. Kaʻina hana:1. 790kg o aniline, 625kg o ka methanol, 85kg o ka sulfuric acid (ammonium 100%) ua hoʻohui ʻia i loko o ka ʻeke pane, hoʻomalu i ka mahana 210-215 ℃, kaomi 3.1MPa, hana no 4h, a laila hoʻokuʻu i ke kaomi, hoʻokuʻu ʻia ka mea i ka hoʻokaʻawale, neutralized e 30% sodium hydroxide, static, a me ka lalo quaternary ammonium paʻakai ua kaawale. A laila ma 160 ℃, 0.7-0.9MPa hydrolysis pane no 3h, nā huahana hydrolysis a me ka papa luna o nā mea aila i hui pū ʻia e ka holoi ʻana ma hope o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana o ka huahana i hoʻopau ʻia.
2. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka methanol a me ka aniline e like me nā mea maka, ua synthesized ia e ka alumina catalyst ma lalo o ke kūlana o 200-250 ℃ me ka nui o ka methanol a me ke kaomi ea. ʻO ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea maka: aniline 790kg/t, methanol 625kg/t, sulfuric acid 85kg/t. Hiki i ka hoʻomākaukau keʻena ke hoʻololi i ka aniline me ka trimethyl phosphate.
3, aniline a me ka methanol hui 'ia (n aniline: n methanol ≈ 1:3), a ma o ka reciprocating non-pulse ana pauma injected ma 0.5h-1 ea wikiwiki i loko o ka reactor lako me ka catalyst, ka hopena outflow mua i loko o ke aniani. ka mea hoʻokaʻawale kinoea, ka mea hoʻokaʻawale ma lalo o ka wai i hōʻiliʻili ʻia i nā manawa maʻamau i wehe ʻia no ka nānā ʻana chromatographic.
I ka makahiki 2001, ua hoʻomohala pū ʻo Nankai University a me Tianjin Ruikai Technology Development Co., Ltd. i kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe methylation aniline maikaʻi loa, a ʻike i ke kinoea-phase synthesis o N,N-dimethyl aniline. Penei ke kaʻina hana: Ua hui pū ʻia ka aniline wai me ka methanol, ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i loko o ka hale kiaʻi vaporization, a laila komo i loko o kahi reactor tubular me ka wikiwiki o ka ea o 0.5-1.0h-1 (ua hoʻolako ʻia ka moena paʻa o ka tubular reactor me ka nano loaded. -solid catalyst), a hoʻomau mau ʻia ma 250-300 ℃ ma lalo o ke kaomi ea, me kahi hua DMA ma luna o 96%.
ʻO ke ala hoʻomaʻemaʻe: Loaʻa pinepine nā mea haumia e like me aniline a me N-methyl aniline. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ʻo N,N-dimethylaniline i ka 40% sulfuric acid a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia e ka mahu wai. Hoʻohui ʻia ka sodium hydroxide e hana i ka alkaline. Hoʻomau ʻia ka distillation me ka mahu wai. Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka distillate i nā papa wai a maloʻo me ka potassium hydroxide. Hoʻokō ʻia ka distillation kaomi maʻamau i mua o ka acetic anhydride. Holoi ʻia ka distillate me ka wai e wehe i nā ʻāpana o ka acetic anhydride, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia me ka potassium hydroxide, a ukali ʻia e ka barium oxide, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻemi i mua o kahi kahawai o ka nitrogen. ʻO nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i ka distillate me ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka 10% acetic anhydride a me ka refluxing no kekahi mau hola e hoʻoneʻe i nā amine mua a me ka lua. Ma hope o ka hoʻomaha ʻana, hoʻohui ʻia kahi ʻoi aku o 20% hydrochloric acid a lawe ʻia me ka ether. ʻO ka papa waika hydrochloric he alkaline me ka alkali a laila unuhi ʻia me ka ether, a maloʻo ka papa ether me ka potassium hydroxide a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻemi ʻia ma lalo o ke kahawai o ka nitrogen. Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka N,N-dimethylaniline i nā paʻakai ʻakika picric, hoʻihoʻi hou ʻia i kahi helu hoʻoheheʻe mau a laila decomposed me kahi wai mahana 10% wai o ka sodium hydroxide. A laila unuhi ʻia me ka etera, holoi ʻia a maloʻo, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ma lalo o ke kaomi hoʻemi ʻia.
5. Aniline, methanol a me ka sulfuric acid i hui pū ʻia, condensation reaction i ka autoclave, nā huahana hopena e ka hoʻihoʻi hou ʻana o ka methanol, hoʻohui i ka neutralization alkali, ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a laila distillation ma ka hoʻemi ʻana i ke kaomi e loaʻa ai ka huahana.
6. N, N-dimethylaniline hiki ke hanaia e ka methylation reaction o aniline a me trimethyl phosphate, a laila unuhiia e ka etera, maloo a me ka distilled.
7. N, N-dimethylaniline hiki ke synthesized ma ka moena catalytic o Ziegler catalyst i ka copper-manganese system a i ole copper-zinc-chromium system ma 280 ℃ me ka hui o ka aniline a me ka methanol ma ka ratio o 1: 3.5. Ua hōʻiliʻili ʻia ka N,N-dimethylaniline i loaʻa ma 193-195 ℃ ma kahi mea hoʻoheheʻe kolamu 54-tab a hoʻokomo ʻia i loko o nā hue aniani ʻeleʻele. No ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i ka N,N-dimethylaniline maʻemaʻe, hiki ke hoʻokomo ʻia ka N,N-dimethylaniline me ke kinoea nitrogen e like me ke kinoea lawe i loko o ka chromatograph kinoea hoʻomākaukau nona kahi kolamu phosphate metala.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Dec-10-2020