He ʻoihana piha a hoʻohana nui ʻia ka ʻenehana ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi. He kahua e kū mai ana i ka ʻoihana kemika, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā kahua e kū mai ana i ka ʻoihana kemika i kēia lā. He ʻāpana koʻikoʻi ia o nā mea hou. He nui nā ʻano o nā huahana kemika maikaʻi, waiwai nui i hoʻohui ʻia, nā noi ākea a me ka pilina ʻoihana nui, e lawelawe pololei ana i nā ʻoihana he nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni a me nā kahua like ʻole o nā ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka ʻoihana

ʻO ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, ua māhele pinepine ʻia i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi kuʻuna a me ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi hou e like me nā ʻano noi like ʻole. I waena o lākou, ʻo nā huahana i koho ʻia o nā kemika maikaʻi kuʻuna he mau pesticides, dyes a me nā coatings, a pēlā aku, i oʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO nā kemika maikaʻi hou e pili ana i nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, nā mea hoʻopili, nā mea hana kinoea, nā surfactants, nā mea hoʻohui petrochemical, nā kemika olaola, nā kemika uila a pēlā aku. Eia nā kikoʻī:

(2) Nā ʻano huahana

Loaʻa nā kemika maikaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā hui inorganic, nā hui organik, nā polymers, a me kā lākou mau hui. ʻO nā ʻano maʻamau o ka ʻenehana hana ʻana:

(3) Nā kulekele pili i ka ʻoihana

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopuka ka mokuʻāina i nā kulekele e kākoʻo i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi a hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa-kalapona a me ka pōʻai. I Malaki 2021, ua ʻae ʻia ka Hoʻolālā ʻElima Makahiki 14 e ka hālāwai ʻehā o ka 13th National People's Congress, kahi e manaʻo ai e hoʻoikaika i ka biotechnology, nā mea hou, ka palekana kaiapuni ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻolaha i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā hui hana holomua, e hoʻolalelale i ka hoʻomohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa-kalapona a me ka pōʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi piha i ka pono o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā kumuwaiwai. Hoʻolaha maikaʻi nā kulekele ma luna nei i ka hoʻomohala olakino a wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai. Eia nā kulekele kikoʻī a me nā ʻike:

二. Kūlana kūʻai

(1) Ka nui o ka mākeke

He mea nui loa ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, kahi i lilo i hoʻokahi o nā kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoihana kemika i kēia manawa. Wahi a nā helu helu o ka National Bureau of Statistics, ua piʻi ka waiwai hana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi mai 1,267.421 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2008 a i 4,3990.50 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2017, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki he 14.83%. Wahi a ka ʻike lehulehu, ua ʻoi aku ka waiwai hana holoʻokoʻa o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o Kina i ka makahiki 2021 ma mua o 5.5 trillion yuan, a ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 trillion yuan i ka makahiki 2027. ʻO ka nui o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ka ʻAhahui ʻEulopa a me Iapana ua kokoke a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 60%, a ke hoʻolālā nei ʻo Kina e hoʻonui i ka nui i 55% i ka makahiki 2025.

(2) Ka nānā ʻana i ka māhele mākeke

1. Ka nui o ka mākeke ʻoihana

Mai ka hoʻoponopono hou ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, i hoʻokele ʻia e ke kulekele aupuni a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai, ua holomua nui ko mākou ʻoihana pesticide ma ka ʻāina. Me ka oʻo mālie ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana ʻoihana kemika kūloko a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi mau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana noi hoʻonui o ka ʻepekema mahiʻai a me ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻokumu kā mākou ʻoihana pesticide i kahi pae nui. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana pesticide o Kina i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha e pili ana i ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, nā mea maka, nā mea waena, ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika a me ka hana hoʻomākaukau. Aia ma mua o 2,000 mau ʻoihana hana pesticide, me nā ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika he 500 a ʻoi aku a me nā ʻoihana hoʻomākaukau he 1,500, hiki ke hana i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika he 700 a ʻoi aku a ʻoi aku ma mua o 40,000 mau ʻano hoʻomākaukau. I ka manawa like e hoʻokō ai i nā pono mahiʻai kūloko, akā ma ka mākeke honua hoʻi e noho ana i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Ua wānana ka China Commercial Industry Research Institute e hiki aku ka loaʻa kālā kūʻai aku o ka ʻoihana pesticide kemika o Kina i 262.33 biliona yuan i ka makahiki 2023.