ʻO ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi he ʻoihana piha a me ka ʻenehana. He kahua e puka mai ana i loko o ka ʻoihana kemika, a ʻo ia hoʻi kekahi o nā māla e puka mai ana i ka ʻoihana kemika i kēia mau lā. He mea nui ia o nā mea hou. He nui nā ʻano huahana kemika maikaʻi, ka waiwai hoʻohui kiʻekiʻe, nā noi ākea a me ka pilina ʻoihana nui, e lawelawe pololei ana i nā ʻoihana he nui o ka hoʻokele waiwai aupuni a me nā ʻano ʻoihana ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

一.精细化工行业概况

(1) Hoʻokaʻawale ʻoihana

Hoʻokaʻawale pinepine ʻia ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi kuʻuna a me ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi hou e like me nā kahua noi like ʻole. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo nā huahana hōʻike o nā kemika maikaʻi kuʻuna he pesticides, nā mea ʻulaʻula a me nā uhi, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i oʻo i ka hoʻomohala ʻana. ʻO nā kemika maikaʻi hou ka nui o nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, nā mea hoʻopili, nā mea kinoea, surfactants, petrochemical additives, biological chemicals, electronic chemicals a pēlā aku. ʻO nā kiko'ī penei:

(2) Nā hiʻohiʻona huahana

Hiki mai nā kemika maikaʻi i nā ʻano like ʻole, me nā pūhui inorganic, nā mea hoʻohuihui, nā polymers, a me kā lākou pūhui. ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona maʻamau o ka ʻenehana hana:

(3) Nā kulekele pili i ka ʻoihana

I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻopuka ka mokuʻāina i nā kulekele e kākoʻo i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi a hāpai i ka hoʻomohala ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa-carbon a me ka pōʻai. I Malaki 2021, ua apono ʻia ka 14th Five-Year Plan e ka ʻEhā o ka hālāwai ʻehā o ka 13th National People's Congress, e manaʻo nei e hoʻoikaika i ka biotechnology, nā mea hou, ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe, e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā pūʻulu hana holomua, wikiwiki i ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo, haʻahaʻa-carbon a me ka hoʻomohala pōʻai, a hoʻomaikaʻi piha i ka pono o ka hoʻohana waiwai. Hoʻoikaika maikaʻi nā kulekele i luna i ka ulu olakino a me ka wikiwiki o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi a me ka hoʻokele waiwai pōʻai. ʻO nā kulekele a me nā ʻike kikoʻī penei:

二. Kūlana kūʻai

(1) Nui makeke

Hoʻopili nui ʻo Kina i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, a ua lilo ia i mea nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika i kēia manawa. Wahi a ka helu helu o ka National Bureau of Statistics, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi mai 1,267.421 biliona yuan ma 2008 a i 4,3990.50 biliona yuan ma 2017, me ka awelika o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui makahiki he 14.83%. Wahi a ka ʻike lehulehu, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka waiwai hoʻopuka o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o Kina ma 2021 ma mua o 5.5 trillion yuan, a ua manaʻo ʻia e ʻoi aku ma mua o 11 trillion yuan ma 2027. Ua kokoke ka helu o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ʻEulopa a me Iapana. a i ʻole ma luna o 60%, a hoʻolālā ʻo Kina e hoʻonui i ka helu i 55% e 2025.

(2) Ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ka mākeke

1. Ka nui o ka mākeke ʻoihana

Mai ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka wehe ʻana, i alakaʻi ʻia e ke kulekele aupuni a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka mahiʻai, ua holomua nui kā mākou ʻoihana pesticide. Me ka holomua o ka ʻōnaehana ʻoihana kemika kūloko a me ka hoʻomau mau ʻana o ka ʻōnaehana noi hoʻonui o ka ʻepekema mahiʻai a me ka ʻenehana, ua hoʻokumu kā mākou ʻoihana pesticide i kahi ʻano nui. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻokumu ka ʻoihana pesticide o Kina i kahi ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha piha me ka noiʻi ʻepekema a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, nā mea maka, nā mea waena, ka hana lāʻau ikaika a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana. Aia ma mua o 2,000 mau ʻoihana hana pesticide, ʻoi aku ma mua o 500 mau ʻoihana lāʻau ikaika a ʻoi aku ma mua o 1,500 mau ʻoihana hoʻomākaukau, hiki ke hana i nā ʻano lāʻau lapaʻau ikaika a ʻoi aku ma mua o 40,000. I ka manawa like e hoʻokō ai i nā pono mahiʻai kūloko, akā aia nō hoʻi i ka mākeke honua i kahi kūlana koʻikoʻi. Ua wānana ka China Commercial Industry Research Institute e piʻi ka loaʻa kālā o ka ʻoihana pesticide kemika o Kina i 262.33 biliona yuan i 2023.