ʻO ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ke kahua waiwai o ka hana ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi i ka ʻoihana kemika, he ʻokoʻa ia mai nā huahana kemika maʻamau a i ʻole nā ​​​​kemika nui.ʻO kāna mau hiʻohiʻona maʻamau ka hana ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā ʻano like ʻole, kūikawā a i ʻole multi-functional no ka hoʻokele honua a me ke ola o nā kānaka me ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe a hou. Ua hoʻololi kekahi mau ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia i ka ʻoihana i ka manaʻo nui o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, a ʻo ka wikiwiki ʻana i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ua lilo i mea maʻamau o ka honua. meaʻai meaʻai, meaʻai meaʻai, adhesives, surfactants, wai hoʻomaʻemaʻe kemika, ili kemika, oilfield kemikala, uila kemika, pepa hana kemika a oi aku mamua o 50 kahua.

ʻO nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau e pili ana i nā kinikona waena i hana ʻia i ke kaʻina o ka synthesis lāʻau kemika a pili i nā huahana kemika maikaʻi. Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau i nā antibiotic intermediates, antipyretic a me analgesic intermediates, cardiovascular intermediates, a me anticancer intermediates e like me kā lākou noi noi. ʻO nā mea kūʻai lāʻau lapaʻau ka ʻoihana kemika kumu kumu, ʻoiai ʻo ka ʻoihana i lalo ka API kemika a me ka ʻoihana hoʻomākaukau. māhele ʻia i loko o nā waena waena a me nā waena kiʻekiʻe, waena waena ma muli o ka paʻakikī o ka ʻenehana hana ʻaʻole kiʻekiʻe, haʻahaʻa nā kumukūʻai, a ʻo ka waiwai hoʻohui i ke kūlana oversupply, ʻo nā intermediate kiʻekiʻe ka huahana hopena waena, hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka primary waena, hale paʻakikī, hoʻokahi wale a i ʻole kekahi mau ʻanuʻu i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā huahana i hoʻohui ʻia i lalo, ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o kona pae kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka ʻoihana waena. ma ka mua hope o ke kaulahao ʻoihana me ka hoʻokūkū hoʻokūkū nui loa a me ke kumu kūʻai, a me ke kumukūʻai o ke kumukūʻai o nā kumulāʻau kumu kemika i ka hopena nui ma luna o lākou. nā mea hoʻolako, akā ʻoi aku ka mea nui, lawe lākou i ka hana o nā intermediates kiʻekiʻe me ka ʻike loea kiʻekiʻe a mālama i nā pilina pili me nā hui multinational, no laila ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hopena o ke kumukūʻai o nā mea maka. ke degere o ka mana i ka maikaʻi API hope loa. ʻO ka non-gmp intermediate e pili ana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau ma mua.ʻO ka mea hoʻomaka API; ʻO ka GMP intermediate e pili ana i kahi kikowaena lāʻau lapaʻau i hana ʻia ma lalo o nā koi o GMP, ʻo ia hoʻi, kahi mea i hana ʻia ma hope o kahi mea hoʻomaka API, i ka wā o ka hana API synthesis, a e hoʻololi hou a hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ma mua o ka lilo ʻana. he API.

ʻO ka lua o ka piko pali patent e hoʻomau i ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka noi no nā waena waena
Ka lāʻau lapaʻau intermediate oihana fluctuates ma lalo o ka mana o ka holoʻokoʻa koi o ka downstream pharmaceutical oihana, a me kona periodicity i basically kulike me ka mea o ka pharmaceutical industry.These mau hopena hiki ke maheleia i loko o waho a me nā mea i loko: waho kumu nui e pili ana i ka aponoia. ka pōʻai o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou ma ka mākeke; ʻO nā kumu o loko e pili nui i ka pōʻai pale patent o nā lāʻau hou.I ka manawa o ka ʻae ʻia ʻana o ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou a me ka helu o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou i ʻae ʻia e ʻoluʻolu i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau, e hoʻopuka ʻia ka noi no nā lawelawe outsourcing pharmaceutical. I nā makahiki he umi i hala iho nei, e hoʻomau ka nui o nā ʻae ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau hou e hoʻonui i ka noi no nā waena waena, no laila ke kākoʻo nei i ka ʻoihana e mālama i kahi boom kiʻekiʻe. hauʻoli mau i ka ulu pahū o ka noi i ka wā pōkole.Wahi a Evaluate's statistics, ua manaʻo ʻia mai 2017 a 2022, aia he 194 biliona yuan o ka mākeke lāʻau e kū nei i ke kūlana o ka pau ʻana o ka patent, ʻo ia ka lua o ka pali patent mai 2012.

ʻO Ariations i nā makahiki i hala iho nei, me ka hoʻonui a me ka paʻakikī o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ua hoʻemi ʻia ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau hou a me ka hoʻomohala holomua, ka piʻi wikiwiki ʻana o nā noiʻi lāʻau hou a me nā kumukūʻai hoʻomohala o McKinsey i ka Nat.Rev. DrugDiscov."'ōleloʻia, i ka 2006-2011, hou lāʻau noiʻi a me ka ulu ana ka holomua helu he 7.5% wale nō, mai 2012 a hiki i 2014, ma muli o ka biological macromolecules maikaʻi selectivity a me ka haʻahaʻa toxicity o miss mamao (lāʻau lapaʻau i ka hopena o ka hoʻomohala pae, ka mea, mai. ʻO ka papa III i ka papa inoa i ʻae ʻia he 74% ka holomua ʻana), ka noiʻi lāʻau lapaʻau a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka helu kūleʻa holoʻokoʻa o ka piʻi iki ʻana, akā paʻakikī naʻe e hoʻihoʻi i ka 16.40% kūleʻa i ka 90 s. ʻO ke kumukūʻai o ka hoʻopaʻa inoa ʻana i kahi mea hou. Ua hoʻonui ka lāʻau lapaʻau mai iā mākou $ 1.188 biliona ma 2010 iā mākou i $ 2.18 biliona ma 2018, aneane pālua.I kēia manawa, ke emi nei ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana o nā lāʻau hou.I ka makahiki 2018, ua hoʻihoʻi wale ka TOP12 pharmaceutical giants i ka helu hoʻihoʻi o 1.9% ma ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana i nā kumukūʻai r&d a me ka emi ʻana o ka hoʻihoʻi ʻana i ka hoʻopukapuka r&d ua hoʻoikaika nui i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau, no laila e koho lākou e hoʻopuka i ke kaʻina hana i nā ʻoihana CMO i ka wā e hiki mai ana e hōʻemi i nā kumukūʻai.Wahi a ChemicalWeekly, ʻo ke kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka 30% o ka nui o ke kumukūʻai o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kumu. e 12-15%. Eia kekahi, hiki i ka ADOPTION o ka CMO / CDMO ke kōkua i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau e hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hopena o ka hopena, e hoʻopōkole i ka pōʻai stocking a hoʻonui i ka mea palekana, hiki ke mālama i ka manawa o ka hana maʻamau, hoʻopōkole i ka r&d cycle o nā lāʻau lapaʻau hou, e hoʻolalelale i ka wikiwiki o ke kūʻai aku ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a hiki i nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau ke hauʻoli i nā ʻāpana patent.

Loaʻa i nā ʻoihana CMO Kina nā mea maikaʻi e like me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa o nā mea maka a me ka hana, ka hana maʻalahi a me ka ʻenehana, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, a ʻo ka hoʻoili ʻana o ka ʻoihana CMO honua i Kina e hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻonui hou ʻana o ka mākeke CMO o Kina. Manaʻo ʻia ka mākeke CMO / CDMO honua e ʻoi aku ma mua o $ 102.5 biliona ma 2021, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka hui ma kahi o 12.73% ma 2017-2021, e like me ka wānana a South.

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa maikaʻi kemika market ma 2014, pharmaceutical a me kona mau intermediates, pesticide a me kona mau intermediates ka luna 'elua sub-hana o ka maikai kemika 'oihana, helu no 69% a me 10% pakahi. nā mea hana kemika, nā mea i hoʻokumu i nā pūʻulu ʻoihana, e hana ana i nā ʻano o nā ʻano mea maka a me nā mea kōkua e pono ai no ka hana ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe i loaʻa ma Kina, e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka pono a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa. ʻōnaehana ʻoihana piha, kahi e hoʻemi ai i ke kumukūʻai o nā mea hana kemika, ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻokomo ʻana ma Kina ma mua o nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia a i ʻole ka hapa nui o nā ʻāina ulu, no laila e hōʻemi ana i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā a me nā kumukūʻai hana. kumu kūʻai kemika 'enekinia a me ka hana 'oihana. Intermediates 'oihana ma Kina ua ulu mai ka 'epekema noiʻi a me ka ulu ana i prka lawe ʻana a me ke kūʻai aku ʻana o kahi ʻōnaehana piha piha, ka hana lāʻau lapaʻau o nā mea kanu kemika a me nā mea waena no ke kumu hiki ke hana i kahi hoʻonohonoho piha, he kakaikahi wale nō ka mea e pono ai e lawe mai, hiki ke hana i nā intermediates pharmaceutical, pesticide intermediates a me 36 mau ʻano nui, ʻoi aku ma mua o ʻO 40000 mau ʻano mea waena, nui nā huahana waena i loaʻa i kahi helu nui o nā mea kūʻai aku, nā mea kūʻai waena o ʻoi aku ma mua o 5 miliona mau tons i kēlā me kēia makahiki, ua lilo i ka honua nui loa i waena o ka hana a me ka mea kūʻai aku.

Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka ʻoihana lapaʻau o Kina mai 2000. I kēlā manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana o nā hui lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā ʻāina i kūkulu ʻia i ka noiʻi huahana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mākeke e like me kā lākou hoʻokūkū koʻikoʻi a wikiwiki i ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā intermediates a me ka hoʻohui lāʻau ikaika i nā ʻāina ulu. me nā kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. No laila, ʻo Kina ka lāʻau lapaʻau intermediates ʻoihana e lawe i kēia manawa e loaʻa ai ka hoʻomohala maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka hoʻoponopono āpau āpau a me nā kulekele like ʻole. Mai 2012 a i 2018, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka hoʻopuka ʻana o ka ʻoihana intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau o Kina mai kahi o 8,1 miliona tons me ka nui o ka mākeke ma kahi o 168,8 biliona yuan a hiki i kahi 10,12 miliona tons me ka nui o ka mākeke o 2017 biliona yuan. waena iUa hoʻokō ʻo ndustry i ka hoʻokūkū ikaika ma ka mākeke, a hiki i kekahi mau mea hana waena ke hana i nā mea waena me ka hoʻolālā molecular paʻakikī a me nā koi ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.Ua hoʻomaka ka nui o nā huahana koʻikoʻi e hoʻomalu i ka mākeke honua. Akā naʻe, ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, aia ka ʻoihana waena o Kina i ka wā hoʻomohala o ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka huahana a me ka hoʻonui ʻana, a ʻo ka pae ʻenehana he haʻahaʻa loa. ʻO ka ʻoihana waena o ka lāʻau lapaʻau he mau lāʻau lapaʻau mua nō ia, ʻoiai he kakaikahi ka nui o nā mea waena o nā lāʻau lapaʻau kiʻekiʻe a me nā mea kākoʻo o nā lāʻau patented hou.