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ʻoihana ʻoihana mit-ivy
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Aloha ʻoe, ʻo ia ʻo CEO athena mai ka ʻoihana mit-ivy no ka kemika ma Kina.

Hoʻolauna
He lālā koʻikoʻi o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ke kala ʻana i ke kala, a ʻo ka hoʻomohala wikiwiki ʻana o ka ʻoihana hoʻoluʻu ( waihoʻoluʻu) e pili ana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea waena e hele pū me ia.

Ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka hana ʻana o nā mea pena a me nā pua puaʻa ma Kina mai ka makahiki 1950, me ka piʻi nui ʻana o ka hoʻokūkū ma ka mākeke, ʻo ka waihoʻoluʻu a me ka puaʻa waena i mea hou i ka ʻenehana hana; nā holomua i ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā ʻano hou, hoʻomaikaʻi i ke kaʻina hana, noiʻi i nā ʻano hou, nā hoʻohana hou o nā ʻano kahiko, ka pale ʻana i ke kaiapuni, etc.

ʻO ka mea mua, ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea waena
Kiʻi

ʻO kaʻoiaʻiʻo,ʻo ka hoʻomohalaʻana i ka hoʻohanaʻana i nā mea waena he multifaceted, kekahi mea waena i hoʻohanaʻia i loko o ka dyestuff i kapaʻia nā intermediates dye, a hoʻohanaʻia i nā pesticides, pharmaceuticals a kapaʻia nā pesticides, pharmaceutical intermediates. Pono e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā mea waena ma ke ʻano he lālā o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻaʻole pono e hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā dyestuff intermediates, pesticide intermediates, pharmaceutical intermediates e ka ʻoihana, e hōʻemi ana i ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i kekahi mau mea waena a pili i kona hoʻomohala ʻana.

Hōʻike ʻia ka noiʻi ʻana o nā kemika maikaʻi e ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā ʻano like ʻole o ka unahi hana, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā ʻano tonnage ʻaʻole nui loa, akā paʻakikī ke kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau, e pili ana i nā ʻāpana he nui a me ke kaʻina kaʻawale. , hana pū kekahi i ka nui o nā "ʻekolu ʻōpala" pono e mālama pono ʻia. No laila, pono mākou e komo i ka noiʻi kaʻina hana o nā huahana moʻo a hoʻonohonoho pono i ka hana ʻana o nā mea waena i mea e loaʻa ai nā pōmaikaʻi nui.

Mai ke kūlana o nā ʻāina ʻē, ʻo ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana o nā intermediates e hoʻopaʻa pono ʻia e hoʻokō i ka hana series, hiki i kahi hoʻonohonoho o nā mea hana hana ke hana i nā ʻano like ʻole o ka waena, e like me ka noiʻi a me ka hana ʻana ma o ka hoʻomohala holoʻokoʻa, ka hoʻohana ʻana o ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o ka ʻenehana hou e hoʻokō, e hoʻokō ʻelua i ka hopena me ka hapalua o ka hoʻoikaika. ʻO ke kūlana o Iapana hiki ke no kā mākou kuhikuhi, ʻo ka hana mua o nā intermediates ma Iapana ua hoʻopuehu loa ʻia, mai ka makahiki 1960 i ʻehiku mau manawa e hoʻoponopono ai, nānā.

Ma o ka hoʻololi ʻana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua piʻi ka kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana hoʻonaninani a me ka puaʻa o Kina i ka pae kiʻekiʻe ma ke ʻano o ka pae hana, ʻenehana a me nā pae lako, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻokō wale i nā pono o ka hoʻomohala ʻana i ka ʻoihana home a me ka ʻoihana puaʻa, akā hāʻawi pū kekahi i nā mea waena maikaʻi. no na aina e.

Loaʻa nā mea maka i koi ʻia no ka synthesis o nā intermediates mai nā huahana o ka ʻaila a me ka ʻoihana coking chemical, ʻo ka hapa nui o ia mau benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone pūhui, a me kekahi mau heterocyclic pūhui, a me nā puaʻa kūlohelohe i hoʻomākaukau ʻia me nā hui heterocyclic intermediates. ka piʻi ʻana o nā makahiki i hala iho nei. Eia kekahi, phenanthrene, pyridine, oxygen fluorene, quinoline, indole, carbazole, biphenyl series of compounds, kēia mau mea paʻakikī i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā mea pena, a laila e ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mea synthetic.

ʻO ka lua, ʻo ka hoʻohana pinepine ʻana i nā hopena kemika o nā mea waena
Kiʻi

E hana ʻia nā mea maka i loko o ka ʻoihana dye (ka waihoʻoluʻu) nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia e like me kēia.

(1) ka hopena sulfonation
(2) Ka hoʻoheheʻe Nitration
(3) pane halogenation
(4) Hoʻemi i ka hopena e hoʻomākaukau ai i ka amino
(5) ʻO ka hopena diazotization (pili pinepine ʻia me ka hopena hoʻohui)
(6) ka hopena fusion alkali e hoʻololi i ka pūʻulu ʻakika sulfonic i hydroxyl
(7) Acylation pane
(8) Ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana
(9) condensation and carbonation reaction
(10) Ka hoʻoulu ʻana i ka aromatization (ka nui o ka amino)
(11) ka hoʻololi hou ʻana o nā hui hydroxyl a me nā amino
(12) ka hopena hydroxyl a i ʻole amino hydrocarbonation

E like me ke ʻano o ke apo aromatic nui o nā intermediates kemika maikaʻi, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā mea waena i ka ʻōnaehana aliphatic, ʻōnaehana benzene, ʻōnaehana naphthalene, ʻōnaehana anthraquinone, ʻōnaehana heterocyclic a me nā ʻōnaehana apo mānoanoa. Hiki i ko mākou ʻāina ke hana i ka benzene, naphthalene, anthraquinone, heterocyclic system, e like me ka dyeing, pigment intermediates ʻoi aku ma mua o 400 mau ʻano, ma ke kumu e hoʻokō ai i ka dyeing, nā pono hoʻomohala ʻoihana puaʻa.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka ʻōnaehana benzene.

2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene, o-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrochlorobenzene, p-nitrophenol, N,N-dimethylaniline, p-aminoanisole, p-nitroaniline, o-toluidine, 2-bromo-6-chloro-p-nitroaniline, N- ethylaniline, m-hydroxydiethylaniline, 2,4-dinitro-6-bromoaniline, om-phenylenediamine, 3,3-dichlorobenzidine, bianisidine, p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, o-, p-aminoanisole, DSD, etc. N-methyl-m- toluidine, N-ethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-dimethyl-m-toluidine, N,N-diethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-hydroxyethyl-m-toluidine, N-methyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine, N-ethyl-cyanoethyl-m-toluidine. m-toluidine, N-ethyl cyanoethyl m-toluidine, N-methylphenyl m-toluidine, p-toluidine, ethoxy aniline, 2-4-dimethyl aniline, 4-chloro-3-aminobenzamide, 4-methyl-3-aminobenzamide, 4 -methoxy-3-aminobenzanilide, 4-methoxy-3-amino-N, N-diethylbenzenesulfonamide, 2,4,5-trichloroaniline, m- a me nā para-esters, etc.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka naphthalene intermediates.

2-naphthol, H-ʻakika, K-ʻakika, 2,3-ʻakika, 2,6-ʻakika, tartaric acid, 6-nitro-1,2,4-acid oxygenate, J-acid, peri-acid, γ- ʻakika, G-paʻakai, R-paʻakai, amino K-ʻakika, 2-naphthylamine-1,5-disulfonic acid, 1-naphthol-5-sulfonic acid, 1,5-dihydroxynaphthalene, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, 2R- acid, etc. ʻO nā ʻano nui o nā anthraquinone intermediates: anthraquinone, 1-amino anthraquinone, 1,4-diamino anthraquinone, 1,5-dimethyl anthraquinone bromine, 1,5-diamino anthraquinone, 1-amino-5-benzoyl anthraquinone, 1,5-dihydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-hydroxy anthraquinone, 1,8-dihydroxy-4,5-diamino anthraquinone, etc.

ʻO nā ʻano nui o ka ʻōnaehana heterocyclic a me ka ʻōnaehana apo mānoanoa.

Melamine, barbituric acid, 2-amino-6-nitrobenzothiazole, 2-amino-5,6-dichlorobenzothiazole, 2-amino thiazole, dehydrothio-p-toluidine bisulfonic acid, 3-cyano-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N- ethylpyridone, 3-formylamino-4-methyl-6-hydroxy-N-ethylpyridone, 4-chloro-1,8-naphthalic anhydride, naphthalenetetracarboxylic anhydride, ! tetracarboxylic anhydride, etc.