ʻO Dimethylformamide (abbreviation DMF), ʻike ʻia ʻo N, N-dimethylformamide, he dimethyl substitute o formamide, a aia nā pūʻulu methyl ʻelua ma nā atom N (nitrogen), no laila ka inoa. Ma ke ʻano he mea koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi a me ka solvent me ka hana maikaʻi loa, hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo DMF i ka polyurethane, ka fiber acrylic, nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā pesticides, nā dyes, nā uila a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

He wai waihoʻoluʻu ʻole ka DMF me ka helu hoʻolapalapa kiʻekiʻe, kahi haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa, kemika maikaʻi a me ka paʻa wela, a hiki ke hui pū me ka wai a me ka hapa nui o nā mea hoʻoheheʻe organik. He mea hoʻohana maʻamau ia no nā hopena kemika a ua kapa ʻia ʻo ia he "holo honua": hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF ʻO ka fiber acrylic i hana ʻia e ke kaʻina wili maloʻo o ka fiber acrylic i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ka solvent-based i nā hiʻohiʻona o ka hydrophobicity maikaʻi, ka mana uhi ikaika, ka ʻano palupalu, a ikaika ka lima lima; i ka hana ʻana i ka ʻili polyester synthetic, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF ma ke ʻano he holoi holoi a hoʻōla no ka resin polyurethane. Hoʻohana ʻia ia no ka uhi ʻana i nā mea hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia, a i ka wā i hoʻohana ʻia no ka ʻili ʻili, hiki iā ia ke hana i ke kala o ka lole ʻili a me ka mae ʻole; ma muli o kona hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ikaika, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF ma ke ʻano he solvent i nā kala a hoʻohana ʻia no ke kala ʻana i nā fiber synthetic, hiki ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka like ʻole o ka ʻili. Waiʻona waiwai; ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe koho i hoʻohana ʻia i nā kaʻina hoʻokaʻawale, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka DMF no ka hoʻopili koho ʻana o nā ʻano hydrocarbons a me nā kinoea inorganic. No ka laʻana, hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF e holoi i ka ethylene e wehe i ka acetylene, a laila hoʻomaʻemaʻe i ka ethylene. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF no ka unuhi ʻana i ka isoprene, piperylene, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe mai ke kinoea hoʻopau o ka mea kanu ethylene hana no ka synthesis o ka resin unsaturated; Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe koho no nā kaʻina hana ʻokiʻoki ma ke kahua o ka hana ʻaila. No ka laʻana: i loko o nā ʻōnaehana polycarboxylic acid i loaʻa nā waiwai like a paʻakikī e hoʻokaʻawale, e like me ka isophthalic acid a me terephthalic acid, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia lākou e ka DMF solvent extraction a i ʻole stepwise recrystallization.

I loko o nā hopena kūlohelohe, ʻaʻole i hoʻohana nui ʻia ka dimethylformamide ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻonā hopena, akā he mea koʻikoʻi hoʻi i ka synthesis organik. I loko o kaʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ma keʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau synthetic intermediate, hoʻohana nuiʻia i ka hanaʻana i nā lāʻau doxycycline, cortisone, a me ka sulfa; i ka ʻoihana pesticide, hoʻohana ʻia ia e synthesize kiʻekiʻe-efficiency a haʻahaʻa-toxic pesticides.

Ma ke ʻano he ʻano hana no ka synthesis kemika, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka DMF ma ke ʻano he crystallization solvent no ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau. I ka ʻoihana uila, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e hoʻoponopono i ka viscosity o ka mea hoʻōla no nā laminates keleawe. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ʻo DMF ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoheheʻe lawe e hana i ke aniani polymeric me BF3 (boron trifluoride), e hoʻololi i ka BF3 mai ke kinoea a paʻa a maʻalahi hoʻi e lawe. Ma ke ʻano he polar (hydrophilic) aprotic solvent me kahi kiʻekiʻe e hoʻolapalapa ai, hiki iā ia ke hoʻoikaika i ka hana bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction (SN₂). Eia kekahi, he hopena catalytic ka dimethylformamide i ka hydrogenation, dehydrogenation, dehydration a me dehydrohalogenation reactions, e hoʻemi ana i ka mahana hopena a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻemaʻe o ka huahana.

Me he mea lā ua kūpono ʻo DMF i ke poʻo inoa o ka "solvent universal". E paʻakikī kēia ʻano hoʻohana i ka wā pōkole. Aia kā mākou hui ma kahi kiʻekiʻe o ka ʻoihana e pili ana i ka ikaika o ka ʻoihana, ka mana hana DMF, ka maikaʻi o ka huahana, a me ka inoa inoa. Hoʻomaʻamaʻa mākou i ka mea kūʻai aku i ka koho mua a lawelawe iā ʻoe me ka naʻau holoʻokoʻa.

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