Ma hope o kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi kenekulia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ʻāina ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, Iapana a me Kōlea Hema. Ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he mau makahiki wale nō e hiki ai i ke kahua unahi, a ke kokoke mai nei ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ka hopena. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ma hope o ke kahua nui o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, piʻi nui ka nui o nā huahana kemika maikaʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma Kina, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala palena ʻia o ka ʻenehana, piʻi mālie ka nui o ka lako mākeke o nā kemika maikaʻi.

I loko o nā makahiki 5-10 e hiki mai ana, e pau ke kaʻina hana nui o ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina a e wikiwiki ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana noiʻi kūloko, ʻoiai nā mea pili i nā ʻoihana alakaʻi, e hoʻonui nei i kā lākou hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi.

No ke kuhikuhi hoʻomohala ʻana o nā kemika maikaʻi ma Kina, ʻo ka mea mua ka noiʻi hana hohonu e hoʻohana ana i nā hydrocarbons haʻahaʻa-kalapona ma ke ʻano he mea maka, a ʻo ka iho i lalo e kau nui ʻia i nā waena lāʻau lapaʻau, nā waena pesticide a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, no ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydrocarbons polycarbon, i lalo i nā mea kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe; ʻO ke kolu, no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea maka hydrocarbon kiʻekiʻe kalapona a me ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, i lalo i ka surfactant, plasticizer a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe.

Ke noʻonoʻo nei i ke ana o ke kumukūʻai, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o nā mea maka haʻahaʻa-kalapona ke ala makepono loa o ka hana ʻana a me ka noiʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana noiʻi ʻepekema ma Kina e hoʻonui ikaika nei i ka noiʻi ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi hydrocarbon haʻahaʻa kalapona. ʻO nā huahana i koho ʻia he hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana isobutylene a me ka hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline.

Wahi a ka noiʻi mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā kemika maikaʻi he 50 a ʻoi aku ma hope o ka isobutene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā huahana ma hope. Loaʻa iā Aniline ma mua o 60 mau ʻano kemika maikaʻi e hoʻonui ana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana ma hope, a he nui nā kuhikuhi noi ma hope.

I kēia manawa, hana nui ʻia ka aniline e ka hydrogenation catalytic o ka nitrobenzene, ʻo ia ka hana hydrogenation o ka waikawa nitric, hydrogen a me ka benzene maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he mea maka. Hoʻopili ʻia ia ma ke kahawai ma nā kahua o MDI, nā mea hoʻohui rubber, nā dyes a me nā mea waena lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻohui gasoline a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia ka benzene maʻemaʻe i nā ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻaila a me ka hana kemika me nā huahana aila, kahi e paipai ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana maʻemaʻe o ka benzene maʻemaʻe, ka mea i lilo i kikowaena o ka ʻoihana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala kemika.

Wahi a nā ʻoihana like ʻole e hoʻohana ʻia ai nā huahana p-aniline ma hope, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻoihana penei: ʻO ka mua, ka noi ma ke kahua o ka mea hoʻonui rubber a me ka antioxidant, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelima mau ʻano huahana, ʻo ia hoʻi ka p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine a me dicyclohexylamine. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana aniline ma ke kahua o ka antioxidant rubber, e like me ka p-amino diphenylamine hiki ke hana i ka antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahua o ka mea hoʻolalelale rubber a me ka antioxidant kahi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ma ke kahua o ka rubber, e helu ana ma mua o 11% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aniline ma ke kahua, ʻo nā huahana nui i koho ʻia ʻo p-aminobenzidine a me hydroquinone.

I loko o nā hui diazo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aniline a me ka nitrate a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, hiki ke hana ʻia nā huahana ʻo p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau huahana ma nā kahua o nā dyes, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pesticide intermediates. ʻO nā huahana i koho ʻia: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, he dye azo synthetic, dye leo um, dye disperse, hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka pena a me ka pigment a ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona, ​​​​a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ka P-hydroxyaniline i ka hana ʻana o ka sulfide blue FBG, ka waikawa nāwaliwali melemele ʻālohilohi 5G a me nā dyes ʻē aʻe, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana o ka mea hoʻomohala, antioxidant a pēlā aku.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā hui aniline i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana dye o Kina he p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride a me p-hydroxyaniline, e helu ana ma kahi o 1% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aniline ma hope, ʻo ia kahi kuhikuhi noi koʻikoʻi o nā hui nitrogen ma hope o ka aniline a he kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi hoʻi o ka noiʻi ʻenehana ʻoihana o kēia manawa.

ʻO kekahi noi koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ma lalo, ʻo ia ka halogenation o ka aniline, e like me ka hana ʻana o p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka nui o nā huahana halogenation o ka aniline, ua manaʻo mua ʻia he kokoke i 20 mau ʻano, i lilo i kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o ka aniline.

ʻO kekahi hana koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ʻo ia ka hana hoʻemi, e like me ka aniline a me ka hydrogen e hana i ka cyclohexamine, aniline a me ka waikawa sulfuric i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka soda e hana i ka bicyclohexane, aniline a me ka waikawa sulfuric a me ka sulfur trioxide e hana i ka p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Pono kēia ʻano hana i kahi nui o nā excipients, a ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā huahana ma hope, ua manaʻo ʻia ma kahi o ʻelima mau ʻano huahana.

 I waena o lākou, e like me ka p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, hana ʻana i nā azo dyes, hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he reagent kuhikuhi, reagent hoʻokolohua a me ka reagent loiloi chromatographic, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pesticide e pale aku i ka popo palaoa. ʻO Dicyclohexamine, ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā intermediates dye, a me ka pesticide textile wheat rust, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea ʻala a pēlā aku.

He ʻano paʻakikī nā kūlana hoʻemi o ka aniline. I kēia manawa, ua hoʻopaʻa ʻia ka hapa nui o lākou ma ka hale hana a me ke kahua hana liʻiliʻi ma Kina, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka hapa o ka hoʻohana ʻana. ʻAʻole ia ke kuhikuhi nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o ka aniline.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka aniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka e komo pū ana me ka hopena arylation, ka hopena alkylation, ka hopena oxidation a me ka nitrification, ka hopena cyclization, ka hopena condensation aldehyde a me ka hopena hui paʻakikī. Hiki i ka Aniline ke komo i nā hopena kemika he nui, a he nui nā noi ma hope.