Ma hope o hoʻokahi kenekulia o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ʻāina ulu wikiwiki loa ma ka honua, a ʻoi aku ka pōkole o ka pōʻaiapili ʻoihana ma mua o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika, Iapana a me South Korea. Ma ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe, he mau makahiki wale nō ka mea e hiki ai i ka pae paona, a ke kokoke mai nei ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ka hopena. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ʻo ia ma hope o ka pae nui o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika, ʻo ka nui o nā huahana kemika maikaʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe e piʻi nui aʻe, ʻoiai ma Kina, ma muli o ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ka nui o ka mākeke hāʻawi kālā. piʻi mālie nā kemika.

I nā makahiki 5-10 e hiki mai ana, e pau ana ke kaʻina hana nui o ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina a e wikiwiki ana ka hana hoʻomohala maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā keʻena noiʻi kūloko, ʻoi aku ka poʻe pili i nā ʻoihana alakaʻi, ke hoʻonui nei i kā lākou kālā i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi.

No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi ma Kina, ʻo ka mea mua ka noiʻi hoʻōla hohonu me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydrocarbons haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nā mea maka, a ʻo ka lalo i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o nā intermediates pharmaceutical, pesticide intermediates a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, no ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polycarbon hydrocarbons, i lalo i nā mea kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā māla ʻē aʻe; ʻO ke kolu, no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea waiwai kiʻekiʻe carbon hydrocarbon a me ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma lalo o ka surfactant, plasticizer a me nā māla ʻē aʻe.

Ma ka noʻonoʻo ʻana i ka nui o ke kumukūʻai, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o nā kumu kalapona haʻahaʻa ke ala haʻahaʻa loa o ka hana a me ka noiʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā keʻena noiʻi ʻepekema ma Kina e hoʻolōʻihi nei i ka noiʻi o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi haʻahaʻa carbon hydrocarbon. ʻO nā huahana hōʻike he hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana isobutylene a me ka hoʻonui ʻia kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline.

Wahi a ka noiʻi mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana ʻoi aku ma mua o 50 mau kemika maikaʻi i lalo o ka isobutene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka pae hoʻomaʻemaʻe kaulahao o nā huahana o lalo. Aia ʻo Aniline ma mua o 60 mau ʻano kemika maikaʻi ma lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā kuhikuhi noi lalo.

I kēia manawa, hana nui ʻia ka aniline e ka catalytic hydrogenation o nitrobenzene, ʻo ia ka hydrogenation production o nitric acid, hydrogen a me benzene maʻemaʻe e like me nā mea maka. Hoʻohana ʻia ia i lalo i nā māla o MDI, nā mea hoʻohui i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, nā dyes a me nā intermediates olakino, nā mea hoʻohui ʻaila a pēlā aku. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka benzene maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe aila a me nā ʻoihana hana kemika me nā huahana aila, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana o lalo o ka benzene maʻemaʻe, i lilo i mea nui o ka ʻoihana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Wahi a nā ʻoihana like ʻole kahi i hoʻohana ʻia ai nā huahana o lalo o ka p-aniline, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā ʻoihana penei: ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ka noi ma ke kahua o ka accelerator a me ka antioxidant, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i ʻelima ʻano huahana. ,ʻo ia hoʻi ka p-aminobenzidine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine a me dicyclohexylamine. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana aniline ma ke kahua o ka antioxidant rubber, e like me ka p-amino diphenylamine hiki ke hana i ka antioxidant 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D, etc.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kahua o ka accelerator a me ka antioxidant he mea koʻikoʻi ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aniline i lalo i ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka 11% o ka pau ʻana o ka aniline i lalo, ʻo nā huahana ʻelele nui he p-aminobenzidine a me hydroquinone.

I nā hui diazo, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka aniline a me ka nitrate a me nā huahana'ē aʻe, hiki ke hanaʻia nā huahana he p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau huahana i nā kula o nā mea pena, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea waena pesticide. ʻO nā huahana i hōʻike ʻia: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, ʻo ia ka synthetic azo dye, um voice dye, disperse dye, i hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana ʻana i ka pena a me ka puaʻa a ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona, ​​​​a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ka P-hydroxyaniline i ka hana. ʻO ka sulphide blue FBG, ka waikawa palupalu 5G melemele a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana o ka mea hoʻomohala, antioxidant a pēlā aku.

I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o nā pūhui aniline i hoʻohana ʻia i ka ʻoihana dye o Kina he p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride a me p-hydroxyaniline, e helu ana ma kahi o 1% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i lalo o ka aniline, ʻo ia kahi kuhikuhi noi nui o nā pūhui nitrogen i lalo o ka aniline a. he alakaʻi koʻikoʻi hoʻi o ka noiʻi ʻenehana ʻenehana o kēia manawa.

ʻO kekahi mea nui i lalo o ka aniline ka halogenation o aniline, e like me ka hana ʻana o p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloraniline, n-acetoacetaniline, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, diphenylurea, phenylthiourea a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka nui o nā huahana halogenation o aniline, ua manaʻo mua ʻia aia ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano, i lilo i alakaʻi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o lalo o aniline.

ʻO kekahi hopena koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ka hopena hoʻemi, e like me ka aniline a me ka hydrogen e hana i ka cyclohexamine, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid concentrated a me ka soda e hana i ka bicyclohexane, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid a me ka sulfur trioxide e hana i ka p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid. Pono kēia ʻano hana i ka nui o nā mea kōkua, a ʻaʻole nui ka helu o nā huahana o lalo, ma kahi o ʻelima mau ʻano huahana.

 Ma waena o lākou, e like me ka p-aminobenzene sulfonic acid, ka hana ʻana i nā dyes azo, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka reagent reference, reagent hoʻokolohua a me ka chromatographic analysis reagent, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka pesticide e pale ai i ka pala palaoa. ʻO Dicyclohexamine,ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā meaʻokoʻa kala, a me ka pesticide textile palaoa rust, a me ka hoʻomākaukauʻana i nā meaʻala a pēlā aku.

ʻO nā kūlana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka aniline he paʻakikī. I kēia manawa, ʻo ka hapa nui o lākou i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i loko o ka hale hana a me ka hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi ma Kina, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka ʻai. ʻAʻole ia ke kuhikuhi nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o lalo o aniline.

ʻO ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi e hoʻohana ana i ka aniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka e pili ana i ka hopena arylation, ka hopena alkylation, ka oxidation a me ka nitrification reaction, cyclization reaction, aldehyde condensation reaction and complex combination reaction. Hiki iā Aniline ke komo i nā hopena kemika, a he nui nā noi i lalo.