Ma hope o hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ʻāina ulu wikiwiki loa o ka honua, ʻo ka pōʻaiapuni ʻoihana ma mua o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana a me South Korea ua hoʻopōkole loa ʻia ka pōʻai kemika, aia ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe. Pono nā makahiki he ʻumi e hiki ai i ka pae paona, ua pau ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa ma hope o ka pae nui o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua piʻi nui ka helu o nā huahana kemika maikaʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma Kina, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ka mākeke. ua māhuahua mālie ka nui o nā mea kemika maikaʻi.

Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei i loko o nā makahiki 5-10 e hiki mai ana, e pau ana ke kaʻina hana nui o ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina, a e wikiwiki ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā keʻena noiʻi kūloko, ʻoi aku ka poʻe pili me nā ʻoihana alakaʻi, ke hoʻonui nei i ka hoʻopukapuka ʻana i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi.

No ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi o Kina, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Pingtou Brother i kēia mau manaʻo, ʻo ka mea mua, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydrocarbons haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa e like me nā mea maka no ka noiʻi ʻana i ka hoʻoponopono hohonu ʻana, i lalo i ka nānā ʻana i nā intermediates pharmaceutical, pesticide intermediates a me nā kula ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, no ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā polycarbon hydrocarbons, ka lalo o nā mea kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea kōkua a me nā māla ʻē aʻe; ʻO ke kolu, no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea kiʻekiʻe-carbon hydrocarbon maka a me ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma lalo o ke kahua o nā surfactants a me nā plasticizers.

Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ke kumu kūʻai, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o nā kumu kalapona haʻahaʻa haʻahaʻa loa ke ala o ka hana a me ka noiʻi i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻolōʻihi nei kekahi mau keʻena noiʻi ʻepekema ma Kina i ka noiʻi ʻana o ka haʻahaʻa carbon hydrocarbons i nā kemika maikaʻi. ʻO nā huahana i hōʻike ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana isobutylene a me ka hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline.

Wahi a ka noiʻi mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana ma mua o 50 mau kemika maikaʻi i lalo o ka isobutylene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe o ke kaulahao ʻoihana o lalo. Aia ma mua o 60 mau ʻano kemika maikaʻi ma lalo o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline, a he nui nā kuhikuhi noi lalo.

I kēia manawa, hana nui ʻia ka aniline e ka catalytic hydrogenation o nitrobenzene, ʻo ia ka hydrogenation production o nitric acid, hydrogen a me benzene maʻemaʻe e like me nā mea maka. Hoʻohana ʻia ia ma lalo o ka MDI, nā mea kōkua kaila, nā mea hoʻonaninani a me nā intermediates lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻohui a me nā māla ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohui ʻia ka benzene maʻemaʻe i ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana a me nā ʻoihana hana kemika me nā huahana aila, e hāpai ana i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana o lalo o ka benzene maʻemaʻe, a ua lilo ia i mea nui o ka ʻoihana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana.

Wahi a nā ʻoihana like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana o lalo o ka aniline, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i loko o nā ʻoihana penei: ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka noi ma ke kahua o nā accelerators a me nā antioxidants i ʻelima mau huahana, ʻo ia ka p-amino-diphenylamine. , hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine a me dicyclohexylamine. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana aniline ma ke kahua o nā antioxidants rubber, e like me ka p-amino-diphenylamine hiki ke hana i nā antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D a pēlā aku.

Ma ke kahua o ka lāʻau accelerator a me ka antioxidant hoʻohana, aniline iho i loko o ke kahua o ka lāʻau lapaʻau mea he koʻikoʻi hoʻohana kuhikuhi, helu no ma kahi o 11% o ka huina downstream hoʻohana o aniline, ka nui 'elele huahana p-amino-diphenylamine a me hydroquinone.

Ma waena o nā pūhui diazo, me ka hoʻohanaʻana i ka aniline a me ka nitrate a me nā huahana'ē aʻe,ʻo nā huahana i hiki ke hanaʻia he p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau huahana i nā kula o nā mea pena, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea waena pesticide. ʻO nā huahana hōʻike: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, ʻo ia ka synthetic azo dye, kahi hose dye, kahi disperse dye, a hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pena a me nā puaʻa a me kahi hōʻailona. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo P-hydroxyaniline i ka hana ʻana o ka sulfur blue FBG, nāwaliwali ka waikawa melemele 5G a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana o nā mea hoʻomohala, antioxidants a pēlā aku.

Wahi a ka hoʻokolokolo ʻana, i kēia manawa, ʻo nā mea hoʻohui aniline i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana dye o Kina ka hapa nui o ka p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride a me ka p-hydroxyaniline, e helu ana ma kahi o 1% o ka hoʻohana ʻana i lalo o ka aniline, ʻo ia kahi kuhikuhi noi nui o nā pūhui nitrogen i loko. ka iho o ka aniline, a he kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi nō hoʻi ia o ka noiʻi ʻenehana ʻenehana o kēia manawa.

ʻO kekahi mea nui i lalo o ka aniline ka halogenation o aniline, e like me ka hana ʻana o p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka nui o nā huahana halogenation aniline, ua manaʻo mua ʻia aia ma kahi o 20 mau ʻano, a ua lilo hoʻi i alakaʻi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o ka aniline.

Hoʻohana ʻia nā huahana haʻahaʻa e hoʻohana ana i ka aniline halogenation, e like me ka o-chloraniline, no ka hana ʻana i ka sulfur blue FBG, ka waiʻona palupalu ʻulaʻula 5G dyes, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, akā no ka hana ʻana i nā mea hoʻomohala, antioxidants a pela aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Diphenyl thiourea i ka hana ʻana i nā accelerators vulcanization, nā capsules vulcanization, nā kaila wai, ka uea a me ke kaula, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea pena. Hoʻohana ʻia ka N-acetoacetanilide i ka hana ʻana i nā sulfonamides, analgesics, antipyretic hau a me nā preservatives, a me ka mea hoʻoheheʻe vulcanization accelerator.

Wahi a ka loiloi piha ʻole, ʻo ka helu o ka aniline halogenated downstream aniline maikaʻi nā huahana kemika ma kahi o 40% o ka nui o nā kinikini aniline i lalo, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana i nā kula kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole nui ka nui. Me ka ulu ikaika o ka ʻoihana lāʻau lapaʻau, ua lilo ka noiʻi ʻenehana o aniline halogenation i alakaʻi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Kina.

ʻO kekahi hopena koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ka hopena hoʻemi, e like me ka aniline a me ka hydrogen e hana i ka cyclohexane, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid concentrated a me ka lehu soda e hana ai i ka dicyclohexane, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid a me ka sulfur trioxide e hana i ka p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Pono kēia ʻano hana i ka nui o nā mea kōkua, a ʻaʻole nui ka helu o nā huahana o lalo, a ua manaʻo ʻia aia ma kahi o ʻelima mau huahana. 

Ma waena o lākou, e like me ka p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, ka hana ʻana i nā dyes azo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, i hoʻohana ʻia e like me ka reagent reference, reagent hoʻokolohua a me ka chromatographic analysis reagent, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i pesticide e pale ai i ka maʻi ʻōpala palaoa. ʻO Dicyclohexylamine, ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea hoʻonaninani, a me ka pesticide textile palaoa rust, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea ʻala.

He koʻikoʻi nā kūlana hoʻohaʻahaʻa o ka aniline, a i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka nui o Kina i loko o ka hale hana a me ka hana liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole ia ke kuhikuhi nui o ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kemika maikaʻi. ʻoihana kaulahao aniline.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, aia ka hopena arylation, ka hopena alkylation, ka hopena a me ka hopena nitrification, ka hopena cyclization, ka hopena condensation aldehyde a me ka hopena hui paʻakikī. Hiki iā Aniline ke komo i nā hopena kemika, a he nui nā noi i lalo. E hoʻomau mākou i ka hana ʻana i kekahi loiloi o ia mea, e ʻoluʻolu e nānā i mua.