Ma hope o kahi kokoke i hoʻokahi haneli mau makahiki o ka hoʻomohala ʻana, ua lilo ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i ʻāina ulu wikiwiki loa o ka honua, ua pōkole loa ke kaʻina hana ma mua o ʻEulopa, ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me Iapana a me Kōlea Hema i ke kaʻina hana kemika, kahi ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa a me nā ʻāina ʻē aʻe e pono ai he mau makahiki he ʻumi e hiki ai i ke kahua unahi, ua pau wale ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina i kekahi mau makahiki. ʻO ka ʻokoʻa, ma hope o ke kahua nui o ka ʻoihana kemika ma ʻEulopa a me ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa, ua piʻi nui ka nui o nā huahana kemika maikaʻi i kākoʻo ʻia e ka ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe, ʻoiai ma Kina, ma muli o ka hoʻomohala palena ʻia o ka ʻenehana, ua ulu mālie ka nui o ka mākeke o nā kemika maikaʻi.

Manaʻoʻiʻo ʻo ia i loko o nā makahiki 5-10 e hiki mai ana, e pau ke kaʻina hana nui o ka ʻoihana kemika o Kina, a e wikiwiki ke kaʻina hana hoʻomohala maikaʻi. I kēia manawa, nui nā ʻoihana noiʻi kūloko, ʻoiai nā mea e pili ana me nā ʻoihana alakaʻi, e hoʻonui nei i ka hoʻopukapuka kālā i ka noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana i nā kemika maikaʻi.

No ke kuhikuhi hoʻomohala o nā kemika maikaʻi o Kina, ua hōʻuluʻulu ʻo Pingtou Brother i nā kiko aʻe, ʻo ka mea mua, ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydrocarbons haʻahaʻa-kalapona ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka noiʻi kuhikuhi hohonu, ma lalo e kālele ana i nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea waena pesticide a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe. ʻO ka lua, no ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā hydrocarbons polycarbon, ma lalo i nā mea kemika maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe, nā mea kōkua a me nā kahua ʻē aʻe; ʻO ke kolu, no ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana i nā mea maka hydrocarbon kiʻekiʻe-kalapona a me ka hana hohonu a me ka hoʻohana ʻana, ma lalo i nā kahua o nā surfactants a me nā plasticizers.

Mai ka manaʻo o ke kumukūʻai, ʻo ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o nā mea maka haʻahaʻa-kalapona ke ala haʻahaʻa loa o ka hana ʻana a me ka noiʻi ʻana i kēia manawa. I kēia manawa, ke hoʻonui ikaika nei kekahi mau ʻoihana noiʻi ʻepekema ma Kina i ka noiʻi ʻana i nā hydrocarbons kalapona haʻahaʻa i nā kemika maikaʻi. ʻO nā huahana i koho ʻia ʻo ia ka hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana isobutylene a me ka hoʻonui kemika maikaʻi o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline.

Wahi a ka noiʻi mua, ua hoʻonui ʻia ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā kemika maikaʻi he 50 a ʻoi ma ke kua o ka isobutylene maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe, a ʻoi aku ka kiʻekiʻe o ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana o nā huahana ma hope. Aia ma mua o 60 mau ʻano kemika maikaʻi ma hope o ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kaulahao ʻoihana aniline, a he nui nā kuhikuhi noi ma hope.

I kēia manawa, hana nui ʻia ka aniline e ka hydrogenation catalytic o ka nitrobenzene, ʻo ia ka hana hydrogenation o ka waikawa nitric, hydrogen a me ka benzene maʻemaʻe ma ke ʻano he mea maka. Hoʻopili ʻia ia ma lalo o ka MDI, nā mea kōkua rubber, nā dyes a me nā mea waena lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻohui gasoline a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻohuihui ʻia ka benzene maʻemaʻe i nā ʻoihana hoʻomaʻemaʻe a me ka hana kemika me nā huahana aila, kahi e paipai ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana ma lalo o ka benzene maʻemaʻe, a ua lilo ia i kikowaena o ka ʻoihana noiʻi a me ka hoʻomohala kemika.

Wahi a nā ʻoihana like ʻole i hoʻohana ʻia i nā huahana iho o ka aniline, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia i nā ʻoihana penei: ʻO ka mea mua, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka noi ma ke kahua o nā mea hoʻolalelale rubber a me nā antioxidants i ʻelima mau huahana, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo p-amino-diphenylamine, hydroquinone, diphenylamine, cyclohexylamine a me dicyclohexylamine. Hoʻohana ʻia ka hapa nui o kēia mau huahana aniline ma ke kahua o nā antioxidants rubber, e like me ka p-amino-diphenylamine hiki ke hana i nā antioxidants 4050, 688, 8PPD, 3100D a pēlā aku.

Ma ke kahua o ka mea hoʻolalelale rubber a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā antioxidants, ʻo ka aniline ma lalo o ke kahua o ka rubber kahi kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana, e helu ana ma kahi o 11% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aniline ma lalo, ʻo nā huahana nui i koho ʻia ʻo p-amino-diphenylamine a me hydroquinone.

Ma waena o nā hui diazo, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aniline a me ka nitrate a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe, ʻo nā huahana hiki ke hana ʻia ʻo ia ka p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, p-hydroxyaniline, p-hydroxyazobenzene, phenylhydrazine, fluorobenzene a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana nui ʻia kēia mau huahana ma nā kahua o nā dyes, nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā pesticide intermediates. ʻO nā huahana i koho ʻia: p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride, he dye azo synthetic, he dye hose, he dye disperse, a hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā pena a me nā pigments a ma ke ʻano he hōʻailona. Hoʻohana ʻia ka P-hydroxyaniline i ka hana ʻana o ka sulfur blue FBG, ka waikawa nāwaliwali melemele ʻālohilohi 5G a me nā dyes ʻē aʻe, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, akā hoʻohana pū ʻia i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻomohala, antioxidants a pēlā aku.

Wahi a ka noiʻi ʻana, i kēia manawa, ʻo nā hui aniline i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka ʻoihana dye o Kina ka hapa nui o ka p-amino-azobenzene hydrochloride a me ka p-hydroxyaniline, e helu ana ma kahi o 1% o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka aniline ma hope, ʻo ia kahi kuhikuhi noi koʻikoʻi o nā hui nitrogen ma hope o ka aniline, a he kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi hoʻi ia o ka noiʻi ʻenehana ʻoihana o kēia manawa.

ʻO kekahi noi koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ma lalo, ʻo ia ka halogenation o ka aniline, e like me ka hana ʻana o p-iodoaniline, o-chloroaniline, 2.4.6-trichloroaniline, n-acetoacetanilide, n-formylaniline, phenylurea, bisphenylurea, phenylthiourea a me nā huahana ʻē aʻe. Ma muli o ka nui o nā huahana halogenation aniline, ua manaʻo mua ʻia he kokoke i 20 mau ʻano, kahi i lilo i kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o ka aniline.

ʻO nā huahana ma hope e hoʻohana ana i ka halogenation aniline, e like me o-chloraniline, hoʻohana ʻia no ka hana ʻana o ka sulfur blue FBG, nā dyes melemele ʻālohilohi 5G nāwaliwali, ka hana ʻana o ka paracetamol, antamine a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau ʻē aʻe, akā no ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻomohala, antioxidants a pēlā aku. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo Diphenyl thiourea i ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻonui vulcanization, nā capsules vulcanization, nā kaila wai, ke kaula a me ke kaula, a me nā lāʻau lapaʻau a me nā mea hoʻohui dye. Hoʻohana ʻia ʻo N-acetoacetanilide i ka hana ʻana o nā sulfonamides, analgesics, ka hau antipyretic a me nā preservatives, a me ka mea hoʻonui vulcanization rubber.

Wahi a ka loiloi piha ʻole, ʻo ka nui o nā huahana kemika aniline halogenated downstream aniline fine ma kahi o 40% o ka nui o nā kemika aniline downstream, akā hoʻohana nui ʻia nā huahana ma nā kahua kiʻekiʻe, a ʻaʻole nui ka nui holoʻokoʻa. Me ka hoʻomohala ikaika o ke kahua lāʻau lapaʻau, ua lilo pū ka noiʻi loea o ka aniline halogenation i kuhikuhi hoʻomohala koʻikoʻi o ka noiʻi ʻenehana a me ka hoʻomohala ʻana o Kina.

ʻO kekahi hana koʻikoʻi o ka aniline ʻo ia ka hana hoʻemi, e like me ka aniline a me ka hydrogen e hana i ka cyclohexane, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a me ka soda lehu e hana i ka dicyclohexane, aniline a me ka sulfuric acid a me ka sulfur trioxide e hana i ka p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid. Pono kēia ʻano hana i kahi nui o nā mea kōkua, a ʻaʻole nui ka nui o nā huahana ma hope, a ua manaʻo ʻia he ʻelima mau huahana. 

I waena o lākou, e like me ka p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid, hana ʻana i nā azo dyes, a pēlā aku, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he reagent kuhikuhi, reagent hoʻokolohua a me ka reagent loiloi chromatographic, a hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he pesticide e pale aku i ka maʻi popo palaoa. ʻO Dicyclohexylamine, ʻo ia ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā intermediates dye, a me ka pesticide textile wheat rust, a me ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana i nā mea ʻala.

He ʻano paʻakikī nā kūlana hoʻemi o ka aniline, a i kēia manawa, ua kau nui ʻia ʻo Kina ma ka hale hana hoʻokolohua a me ka pae hana liʻiliʻi, a he liʻiliʻi loa ka hapa o ka hoʻohana ʻana, ʻaʻole ia ke kuhikuhi nui o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi o ka aniline.

ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka aniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka o ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke kaulahao ʻoihana kemika maikaʻi, aia nā hopena arylation, ka hopena alkylation, ka hopena oxidation a me ka nitrification, ka hopena cyclization, ka hopena condensation aldehyde a me ka hopena hui paʻakikī. Hiki i ka Aniline ke komo i nā hopena kemika he nui, a he nui nā noi ma hope. E hoʻomau mākou i ka hana ʻana i kahi loiloi kikoʻī o ia mea, e ʻoluʻolu e kakali iā ia.