01 Kūlana laulā

ʻO MDI (diphenylmethane diisocyanic acid) kahi mea polyurethane i synthesized ʻia e isocyanate, polyol a me kāna mea kōkua, i hoʻohana ʻia i nā mīkini hale, nā hale, ka halihali a me nā hiʻohiʻona ʻē aʻe.

Ua manaʻo ʻia ʻo MDI kekahi o nā huahana nui me nā pale piha kiʻekiʻe loa i ka ʻoihana kemika. He lōʻihi ke kaʻina hana synthesis o isocyanate, me ka hopena nitration, ka hopena hōʻemi a me ka hopena acidification.

ʻElua mau kaʻina hana nui o MDI: phosgenation a me non-phosgenation. ʻO ke kaʻina hana Phosgene ka ʻenehana nui no ka hana ʻoihana o nā isocyanates i kēia manawa, a ʻo ia wale nō ke ʻano e hiki ai ke hoʻokō i ka hana nui o nā isocyanates. Eia nō naʻe, he mea ʻawahia loa ka phosgene, a pono e hoʻokō ʻia ka hopena ma lalo o nā kūlana waikawa ikaika, kahi e pono ai nā lako a me nā ʻenehana kiʻekiʻe.

02 hoʻokaʻawale

Ma keʻano laulā, ua māhele ʻia ka MDI i ʻekolu mau māhele: polymer MDI, pure MDI a me modified MDI:

ʻO ka Polymerized MDI kahi mea maka no ka hana ʻana o ka polyurethane hard foam a me ka semi-hard foam, a ua hoʻohana nui ʻia kāna huahana i hoʻopau ʻia i loko o ka friji, nā mea insulation thermal, nā ʻāpana hoʻonaninani kaʻa a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

Hoʻohana nui ʻia ka MDI maʻemaʻe i ka hana ʻana i nā ʻano elastomers polyurethane like ʻole, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane thermoplastic, spandex, slurry ʻili PU, nā mea hoʻopili kāmaʻa, a hoʻohana ʻia hoʻi i nā mea elastomer microporous, e like me nā soles, nā kaila paʻa, ka huʻa self-crusting, nā bumpers kaʻa, nā ʻāpana hoʻonaninani o loko, a me ka hana ʻana i nā elastomers polyurethane i hoʻolei ʻia.

Ma ke ʻano he hua o nā huahana moʻo MDI, ʻo MDI i hoʻololi ʻia kahi hoʻonui loea o MDI maʻemaʻe a me nā huahana MDI polymerized i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma ka mākeke i kēia manawa, a hiki ke hāʻawi i ka hoʻohana kū hoʻokahi a me nā waiwai hana e like me ka ʻokoʻa o ka hoʻolālā hoʻonohonoho huahana a me ke kaʻina hana synthesis, i mea e hoʻohana nui ʻia ai i nā pehu palupalu, elastomers, coatings, adhesives a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.

03 Ma luna a ma lalo o ke kaulahao ʻoihana

I uka no ka ʻaila, ke kinoea kūlohelohe, ka hao hao a me nā kumuwaiwai ʻē aʻe;

ʻO nā kikowaena waena nā kemika ma waena o nā mea maka a me nā huahana hope loa, e hōʻike ana iā WH Chemical, WX petrochemical, a pēlā aku.

ʻO ke kumu hope loa nā huahana kemika hope loa, e like me nā palakiko, ka laholio, nā pesticides, nā mea hoʻouluulu, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, e hōʻike ana i ka hui ʻo JF Technology, LL tires, RL chemicals, HR Hengsheng, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.

04 Ka loiloi koi a me nā ʻokoʻa o ka mākeke

ʻO ka Polyurethane i hana ʻia e MDI he ākea ākea o nā noi ma hope, hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale, ʻoihana home, nā lako hale, ʻoihana halihali, ʻoihana kāmaʻa, a pēlā aku. No laila, pili loa ka hoʻohana ʻana o MDI me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka pōmaikaʻi hoʻokele waiwai honua.

Mai kahi kuanaʻike honua, ʻo ka huina o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polymerized MDI i ka makahiki 2021: 49% no ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale, 21% no nā mīkini home, 17% no nā mea hoʻopili, a me 11% no nā kaʻa.

Mai ka nānā ʻana i loko o ka home, ʻo ka hapa nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana o ka polymerized MDI i ka makahiki 2021: 40% no nā waiwai keʻokeʻo, 28% no ka ʻoihana kūkulu hale, 16% no nā mea hoʻopili, a me 7% no nā kaʻa.

05 ʻAno hoʻokūkū

ʻO ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolako o MDI e hōʻike ana i ke ʻano hoʻokūkū o ka oligopoly. ʻEwalu mau mea hana MDI nui ma ka honua, a ʻo nā mea hana ʻekolu kiʻekiʻe ma ka hiki ke hana ʻo WH Chemical, BASF lāua ʻo Covestro, me ka hui pū ʻana o ka hiki o nā ʻoihana ʻekolu e helu ana ma mua o 60% o ka hiki ke hana o ka honua. I waena o lākou, ʻo WH Chemical ka ʻoihana alakaʻi ma ka ʻoihana MDI o Kina a ʻo ka ʻoihana hana MDI nui loa o ka honua.