Loaʻa i nā ʻāpana mākeke ʻokoʻa nā koi like ʻole no ka maikaʻi o ka ammonia a me ke kumukūʻai.

Mai ka makahiki 2022, ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka hoʻolālā ʻana o ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ammonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo i loko o ke kūkulu ʻana, me ka noʻonoʻo ʻana ʻo ka manawa o ke kūkulu ʻana o ka papahana ma ka maʻamau 2 a i 3 mau makahiki, ua kokoke ka papahana ʻōmaʻomaʻo ammonia home e hoʻomaka i ka hana kikowaena. Manaʻo ka ʻoihana i ka makahiki 2024, e hoʻokō ʻia ka ammonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo home a i ʻole e hoʻokō i ke komo pū ʻana i ka mākeke, a kokoke ka hiki ke hoʻolako i ka 1 miliona tons / makahiki e 2025. Mai ka manaʻo o ka noi mākeke no ka amonia synthetic, ʻokoʻa nā māhele mākeke. nā koi no ka maikaʻi o ka huahana a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka amonia synthetic, a he mea pono hoʻi e hoʻomaka mai nā hiʻohiʻona o kēlā me kēia loulou mākeke e ʻimi i ka manawa mākeke o ka amonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo.

Ma muli o ka hāʻawi a me ke koi kumu o ka ammonia synthetic ma Kina, ke koi ʻana o ka maikaʻi o ka huahana o kēlā me kēia māhele mākeke a me ke kumu kūʻai o ka amonia, NENG Jing noiʻi noiʻi maʻalahi i ka loaʻa kālā a me ka mākeke o ka amonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo i kēlā me kēia mākeke no ka ʻoihana kuhikuhi.

01 ʻEkolu mau ʻaoʻao nui ka mākeke amonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo

I kēia pae, ʻo ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ke koi ʻana o ka mākeke ammonia synthetic home ua kaulike ʻia, a aia kekahi ʻoi aku ka nui o ke kaomi.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao koi, ke hoʻomau nei ka hoʻohana ʻana. Wahi a ka National Bureau of Statistics and customs data, ʻo ka mākeke ammonia synthetic ka mea i hoʻomalu ʻia e ka ʻai ʻana i ka home, a ʻo ka ʻai ʻana o ka ammonia synthetic home e hoʻonui ʻia ma kahi o 1% i kēlā me kēia makahiki mai 2020 a 2022, a hiki i kahi 53.2 miliona tons e 2022. ʻO 2025, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka caprolactam a me nā mea ʻē aʻe o lalo, manaʻo ʻia e kākoʻo i ka ulu ʻana o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic, a hiki i ka 60 miliona tons.

Ma ka ʻaoʻao hoʻolako, ʻo ka nui o ka mana hana o ka ammonia synthetic aia i ke kahua o ka "hoʻohaʻahaʻa i waho". Wahi a ka ʻikepili o ka Nitrogen Fertilizer Industry Association, mai ka wehe ʻana o ka mana hana hope o ka ammonia synthetic ma Kina i ka wā "13th Five-Year Plan", ua hoʻopau ʻia ka hoʻoponopono ʻana o ka mana hana e 2022, a me ka hana ʻana. Ua hoʻololi ka mana o ka ammonia synthetic mai ka emi ʻana i ka piʻi ʻana no ka manawa mua, e hoʻihoʻi ana mai 64.88 miliona tons/makahiki i 2021 a i 67.6 miliona tons/makahiki, a ʻoi aku ma mua o 4 miliona tons/makahiki o ka mana makahiki (koe ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo ammonia) manao e pae. Ma ka 2025, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hana a ʻoi aku paha ma mua o 70 miliona tons / makahiki, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka overcapacity.

ʻO ka mahiʻai, ka ʻoihana kemika a me ka ikehu ka ʻekolu mau kuhikuhi o ka mākeke o ka ammonia synthetic a me ka ammonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo. ʻO nā māla mahiʻai a me nā kemika ka mākeke kūʻai o ka ammonia synthetic. Wahi a ka ʻikepili o Zhuochuang Information, i ka makahiki 2022, ʻo ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic ma ka māla mahiʻai e helu ʻia ma kahi o 69% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic ma Kina, ka mea nui no ka hana ʻana i ka urea, phosphate fertilizer a me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe; ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic i ka ʻoihana kemika ma kahi o 31%, ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia i ka hana ʻana i nā huahana kemika e like me ka nitric acid, caprolactam a me acrylonitrile. ʻO ka māhele ikehu ka mākeke hoʻonui e hiki mai ana no ka ammonia synthetic. E like me ka helu a me ka helu ʻana o ka noiʻi Energy, i kēia manawa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic ma ke kahua ikehu ma mua o 0.1% o ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic, a ma ka 2050, ʻo ka hapa o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia synthetic i ka ikehu. manaʻo ʻia e piʻi aku ma mua o 25%, a ʻo nā hiʻohiʻona noiʻi hiki ke loaʻa i nā mea lawe mālama hydrogen, nā wahie kaʻa, a me ka puhi ʻana i ka ammonia-doped i nā mea kanu wela.

02 Koi mahiʻai - He ikaika ka mana o ke kumu kūʻai o lalo, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ka ʻāpana kālā ammonia ʻōmaʻomaʻo, ʻoi aku ka paʻa o ke koi no ka ammonia ma ka māla mahiʻai. ʻO ke ʻano o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia ma ka māla mahiʻai ka mea nui i ka hana ʻana o ka urea a me ka ammonium phosphate fertilizer. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka hana ʻana o ka urea ka nui o ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ammonia i loko o ka māla mahiʻai, a ʻo 0.57-0.62 tons o ka ammonia e hoʻopau ʻia no kēlā me kēia 1 tons o ka urea i hana ʻia. Wahi a ka National Bureau of Statistics, mai 2018 a 2022, ua hoʻololi ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka urea home ma kahi o 50 miliona tons / makahiki, a ʻo ke koi kūpono no ka ammonia synthetic ma kahi o 30 miliona tons / makahiki. ʻO ka nui o ka ammonia i hoʻopau ʻia e ka ammonium phosphate fertilizer ma kahi o 5 miliona tons / makahiki, ʻo ia hoʻi ka mea paʻa.

ʻO ka hana ʻana o ka nitrogen fertilizer ma ka māla mahiʻai he mea hoʻomaha hoʻomaha no ka maʻemaʻe a me ka maikaʻi o nā mea waiwai ammonia. E like me ka national standard GB536-88, wai amonia i maikai huahana, mua-papa huahana, qualified huahana ekolu papa, ammonia maʻiʻo i hiki 99.9%, 99.8%, 99.6% a oi. ʻOi aku ka nui o nā koi no ka maikaʻi a me ka maʻemaʻe o nā huahana, e like me ka urea, a ʻo nā mea hana maʻamau e koi i ka wai ammonia wai e hiki ai i ka pae o nā huahana kūpono. He haʻahaʻa loa ke kumukūʻai holoʻokoʻa o ka ammonia ma ka mahiʻai. Mai ka hiʻohiʻona o ka hāʻawi ʻana i ka ammonia a me ke kumukūʻai o ka amonia, ʻo ka urea home a me kekahi hana hoʻomoʻa ammonium phosphate ka mea kanu ammonia i kūkulu ʻia, ʻo ke kumukūʻai o ka amonia e hilinaʻi ʻia ma ke kumukūʻai mākeke o ka lanahu, ke kinoea maoli a me ka pono o ka mea kanu amonia. , ʻO ke kumu kūʻai o ka amonia he 1500 ~ 3000 yuan / ton. Ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻoi aku ka liʻiliʻi o ke kumukūʻai ʻae ʻia o ka ammonia maka ma ka māla mahiʻai ma mua o 4000 yuan / ton. Wahi a ka ʻikepili huahana nui o ke kaiāulu ʻoihana, mai 2018 a 2022, ʻo ka urea ma kahi o 2,600 yuan/ton ma ke kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe loa, a ma kahi o 1,700 yuan/ton ma ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa. ʻO ka noiʻi ikehu i hui pū ʻia me nā pae like ʻole o nā kumu kūʻai maka, nā koina kaʻina a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe, inā ʻaʻohe poho, urea ma nā kumukūʻai kiʻekiʻe a haʻahaʻa loa e pili ana i nā kumukūʻai amonia ma kahi o 3900 yuan/ton a i 2200 yuan/ton, ma ke kumukūʻai ʻōmaʻomaʻo ammonia. laina a ma lalo o ka pae.