ʻAʻole ʻo Diphenol kahi hydrocarbon ʻala no ka mea aia nā ʻātoma oxygen a he mea ʻala ia.
Hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia ka 2-naphthol ʻoihana i ka naphthol ma ke ʻano he mea maka, me ka 96-98% sulfuric acid sulfonation o ka 2-naphthol sulfonic acid, a laila me ka sodium sulfite neutralization e hana i kona paʻakai sodium, a laila me ka sodium hydroxide alkali fusion o ka 2-naphthol sodium, a laila me ka sulfuric acid acidification o nā huahana maka 2-naphthol, ma hope o ka hoʻolapalapa ʻana, ka holoi ʻana, ka maloʻo ʻana, a me ka distillation decompressed o nā huahana 2-naphthol.
He mea koʻikoʻi ka haumia o kēia kaʻina hana a ʻoi aku ka koʻikoʻi o ka pilikia palekana o ke kaiapuni.
ʻO ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka cyanamine ʻAmelika o ka 2-isopropylnaphthalene i hui pū ʻia me ka hana acetone 2-naphthol, ma muli o ke kumukūʻai o ka palekana o ke kaiapuni a me nā kumu ʻē aʻe a ua hoʻōki i ka hana ʻana.
I kēia manawa, ʻo Kina, India, Iapana, Italia a me kekahi mau ʻāina ma ʻEulopa Hikina nā ʻāina nui e hana ana i ka 2-naphthol ma ka honua.
Ua hoʻomaka ʻo Kina e hana i ka 2-naphthol i ka makahiki 1957. Mai ka makahiki 1980, i ka wā i hoʻōki ai nā ʻāina holomua i ka hana ʻana kekahi ma hope o kekahi, ua lilo ʻo Kina i mea hoʻolako nui o 2-naphthol.
Mai ka makahiki 1990, ua ʻike ka mākeke 2-naphthol i nā piʻi a me nā iho nui. I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua mālama ʻia ka hana makahiki o 8-100 tausani tone, a ua mālama pū ka ulu nui ʻana o ka hoʻokuʻu aku, me ka hoʻokuʻu aku o 8,227 tone i ka makahiki 2005, 15,924 tone i ka makahiki 2006, a me 15,307 tone mai Ianuali a ʻOkakopa 2007.
ʻO ka hoʻohana ʻana o 2-naphthol ma Kina he 60% o nā mea waena o ka dye, 20% o nā mea hoʻohui rubber, 10% o nā dyes a me nā pigments, a me 10% o nā mea ʻē aʻe.
I ka piʻi ʻana o ke koi no nā kala a me nā pigments, pēlā nō hoʻi ke koi no 2-naphthol.
ʻO ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke kaʻina hana, ka mālama ʻana i ka ikehu a me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka hoʻohana ʻana, ka hōʻemi ʻana i ʻekolu ʻōpala a i ʻole ka hoʻomohala ʻana i kahi kaʻina hana hoʻomaʻemaʻe hou ua lilo ia i kuhikuhi koʻikoʻi no ka hoʻomohala mau a olakino o ka ʻoihana hana 2-naphthol.
ʻO ka lua, ka noi ma ka ʻoihana kala a me ka pigment
ʻO nā mea hoʻohuihui kala a me nā pigment nā wahi hoʻohana nui loa o 2-naphthol ma Kina. ʻO ke kumu nui, ʻo ia ka hoʻoili ʻia ʻana o ka hana ʻana o nā mea hoʻohuihui kala ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa. No ka laʻana, ʻo 2, 3 acids, J acid, γ acid, R acid a me chromophenol AS nā mea hoʻokuʻu aku koʻikoʻi ma Kina, e helu ana i ka hapalua o ka huina o ka hana kūloko.
Ma waho aʻe o ka synthesis o nā dyestuff a me nā pigment intermediates, hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka 2-naphthol ma ke ʻano he ʻāpana azo, a me nā hui diazo e hana i nā dyestuff 1,2, 3 acids.
2, 3 inoa ʻepekema acidification: 2-hydroxy-3-naphthic acid, ʻo kāna ʻano hana synthesis [1]: 2-naphthol a me ka sodium hydroxide reaction, decompressed dehydration, loaʻa ka 2-naphthol sodium, a laila hana me CO2 e loaʻa ka 2-naphthol a me ka 2, 3 sodium paʻakai, wehe i ka 2-naphthol, acidification, loaʻa ka 2, 3 acid.
I kēia manawa, ʻo nā ʻano hana nui o ka synthesis ka ʻano pae paʻa a me ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe, a ʻo ke ʻano hoʻoheheʻe ke ʻano maʻamau o ka hoʻomohala ʻana.
Hoʻohui ʻia nā pigments loko me nā waikawa 2,3 ma ke ʻano he mau ʻāpana hoʻopili ma ka hana mua ʻana i nā ʻāpana diazo i loko o nā paʻakai diazo, i hui pū ʻia me nā waikawa 2,3, a laila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia nā paʻakai metala alkali a me nā metala alkali honua i mau kala loko hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka metala alkali.
ʻO ke kukui ʻulaʻula ka chromatogram nui o nā pigments loko waikawa 2,3.
Eia kekahi laʻana: CI Pigment Red 57:1, CI Pigment Red 48:1, a pēlā aku.
Hoʻohana nui ʻia nā waikawa 2,3 i ka synthesis o nā moʻo chromophenol o nā dyes i hoʻoluʻu ʻia i ka hau. Ma ka Dye Index o 1992, ua synthesized ʻia he 28 chromophenols e 2,3 mau waikawa.
ʻO ka moʻo kala phenol AS o nā ʻāpana hoʻopili o ka pigment azo, nā ʻano hana synthetic o kēia ʻano pena i hana ʻia mai ka ʻāpana diazo diazonium paʻakai mua, a me ke kala o ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka phenol AS he moʻo o nā derivatives, e like me AS nā ʻāpana diazo wale nō ka apo alkyl aromatic, halogen, nitrocellulose, nā hui alkoxy, e like me AS ke kala maʻamau i loaʻa mai ka hopena o ka phenol AS he moʻo o ka dye azo no nā ʻāpana i hoʻopili ʻia,
No ka laʻana, aia pū kekahi mau hui waikawa sulfonic i loko o ke apo ʻala o nā ʻāpana diazo, a me nā derivatives series chromophenol AS, a laila hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia ka paʻakai o nā metala alkali a me ka alkali honua i nā dyes loko wai hiki ʻole ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia.
Ua kūpaʻa ʻo MIT-Ivy INDUSTRY i nā mea hoʻoluʻu a me nā mea lapaʻau no kahi kokoke i 20 mau makahiki, me ka maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe a me ke kumukūʻai kūpono, kahi i mahalo nui ʻia e nā mea hoʻohana pigment ma ka home a me nā ʻāina ʻē. I mea e mahalo ai i ka nui o nā mea hoʻohana no ko lākou aloha, hiki ke hāʻawi ʻia nā laʻana o kā mākou hui i nā mea hoʻohana no ka hoʻāʻo manuahi, e hoʻokipa i nā mea hoʻohana mai nā pōʻai āpau o ke kaiāulu e hele mai e kūkākūkā i ka laulima!
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