ʻO 1,3-Dichlorobenzene he wai kala ʻole me ka ʻala ʻala. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia i ka waiʻona a me ka etera. He mea ʻawaʻawa i ke kino o ke kanaka, hoʻonāukiuki i ka maka a me ka ʻili. Hiki ke ahi a hiki ke komo i ka chlorination, nitration, sulfonation, a me nā hopena hydrolysis. Hoʻopili ikaika ia me ka alumini a hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis organik.

1. Pono: wai waihoʻoluʻu me ka ʻala ʻala.
2. Ka helu hehee (℃): -24.8
3. Puni paila (℃): 173
4. Pili pili (wai = 1): 1.29
5. Ka māhu mahu pili (ea=1): 5.08
6. Pumi mahu (kPa): 0.13 (12.1 ℃)
7. Ka wela o ka puhi ʻana (kJ/mol): -2952.9
8. Ka wela koʻikoʻi (℃): 415.3
9. Pumi koʻikoʻi (MPa): 4.86
10. Octanol/wai hoʻokaʻawale coefficient: 3.53
11. Ke kuhi uila (℃): 72
12. Ka wela wela (℃): 647
13. Ka palena pahū luna (%): 7.8
14. Ka palena pahū haʻahaʻa (%): 1.8
15. Solubility: hiki ole ke hoʻoheheʻe i ka wai, hiki ke hoʻoheheʻeʻia i ka ethanol a me ka etera, a hiki ke maʻalahi i ka acetone.
16. ʻOka (mPa·s, 23.3ºC): 1.0450
17. Lae kuni (ºC): 648
18. Ka wela o ka hoʻoheheʻe ʻana (KJ/mol, bp): 38.64
19. Ka wela o ka hana ʻana (KJ/mol, 25ºC, wai): 20.47
20. Ka wela o ka puhi ʻana (KJ/mol, 25ºC, wai): 2957.72
21. Hikina wela (KJ/(kg·K), 0ºC, wai): 1.13
22. Hoʻoheheʻe (%, wai, 20ºC): 0.0111
23. Māmā pili (25 ℃, 4 ℃): 1.2828
24. Hōʻike manaʻo refractive maʻamau (n25): 1.5434
25. Hoʻohālikelike hoʻoheheʻe (J·cm-3) 0.5: 19.574
26. ʻĀpana Van der Waals (cm2·mol-1): 8.220×109
27. Ka nui o Van der Waals (cm3·mol-1): 87.300
28. Ke koi nei ka ma'amau o ka wai i ka wela (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): -20.7
29. Liquid maʻamau hoʻoheheʻe wela (J·mol-1·K-1): 170.9
30. 'Ōlelo ke kinoea ma'amau i ka wela (enthalpy) (kJ·mol-1): 25.7
31. Entropy maʻamau o ka māhele kinoea (J·mol-1·K-1): 343.64
32. ʻO ka ikehu manuahi maʻamau o ka hoʻokumu ʻana i ka pae kinoea (kJ·mol-1): 78.0
33. Hoohehee wela ma'amau (J·mol-1·K-1): 113.90

Ke ala mālama
E mālama i ka mālama ʻana [E kūʻai i loko o kahi hale kūʻai ʻoluʻolu a me ka makani. E mālama i ke ahi a me nā kumu wela. Paʻa paʻa ka ipu. Pono e mālama kaʻawale ʻia mai nā oxidants, aluminika, a me nā kemika hiki ke ʻai, a pale i ka waiho ʻana. Hoʻolako ʻia me ke ʻano kūpono a me ka nui o nā lako ahi. Pono e hoʻolako ʻia ka wahi mālama me nā lako lapaʻau ulia pōpilikia a me nā mea mālama pono.

E hoʻoholo i ka hoʻoholo:

Penei ka hoomakaukau ana. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka chlorobenzene ma ke ʻano he mea maka no ka chlorination hou, loaʻa ka p-dichlorobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene a me m-dichlorobenzene. Hoʻohana ke ʻano hoʻokaʻawale maʻamau i ka dichlorobenzene hui ʻia no ka distillation mau. Hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka para- a me ka meta-dichlorobenzene mai luna o ka hale kiaʻi, ua hoʻokahe ʻia ka p-dichlorobenzene e ka hau a me ka crystallization, a laila hoʻoponopono ʻia ka waiʻona makuahine no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka meta-dichlorobenzene. Hoʻopili ʻia ka o-dichlorobenzene i loko o ka hale kiaʻi uila no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka o-dichlorobenzene. I kēia manawa, hoʻohana ka dichlorobenzene i hui ʻia i ke ʻano o ka adsorption a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana, me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ke kānana mole e like me ka adsorbent, a ʻo ke kinoea i hui pū ʻia dichlorobenzene e komo i ka hale kiaʻi adsorption, hiki ke koho i ka p-dichlorobenzene, a ʻo ke koena wai he meta a ortho dichlorobenzene. Hoʻoponopono no ka loaʻa ʻana o ka m-dichlorobenzene a me ka o-dichlorobenzene. ʻO ka mahana adsorption he 180-200 ° C, a ʻo ke kaomi adsorption he kaomi maʻamau.

1. Meta-phenylenediamine diazotization method: Meta-phenylenediamine diazotized i mua o ka sodium nitrite a me ka sulfuric acid, ʻo ka mahana diazotization he 0～5 ℃, a ua hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai diazonium i mua o ka cuprous chloride e hana intercalation. Dichlorobenzene.

2. Meta-chloroaniline ala: Ke hoʻohana nei i ka meta-chloroaniline ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ua hana ʻia ka diazotization ma ke alo o ka sodium nitrite a me ka waikawa hydrochloric, a hoʻoheheʻe ʻia ka wai diazonium i mua o ka cuprous chloride e hoʻohua ai i ka meta-dichlorobenzene.

Ma waena o nā ʻano hana hoʻomākaukau i luna, ʻo ke ala kūpono loa no ka ʻoihana a me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa ʻo ka adsorption separation method of mixed dichlorobenzene. Aia nā hale hana ma Kina no ka hana ʻana.

ʻO ke kumu nui:

1. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka synthesis organik. ʻO ka hopena Friedel-Crafts ma waena o ka m-dichlorobenzene a me ka chloroacetyl chloride e loaʻa ai ka 2,4,ω-trichloroacetophenone, i hoʻohana ʻia ma ke ʻano he waena no ka miconazole lāʻau antifungal ākea. Hana ʻia ka hopena chlorination i mua o ka ferric chloride a i ʻole alumini mercury, ka mea nui e hana ana i ka 1,2,4-trichlorobenzene. Ma ke alo o kahi catalyst, ua hydrolyzed ia ma 550-850 ° C e hana i ka m-chlorophenol a me ka resorcinol. Ke hoʻohana nei i ka copper oxide ma ke ʻano he catalyst, hana ia me ka ammonia concentrated ma 150-200 ° C ma lalo o ke kaomi e hana i ka m-phenylenediamine.
2. Hoʻohana ʻia i ka hana dye, nā mea hoʻohuihui organik a me nā solvents.

ʻikepili toxicological:

1. ʻAiʻona ʻawaʻawa: ʻiole intraperitoneal LD50: 1062mg/kg, ʻaʻohe kikoʻī koe wale no ka make make;

2. Nā ʻikepili ʻona nui: ʻiole waha TDLo: 1470 mg/kg/10D-I, hoʻololi i ke kaumaha o ke akepaʻa-āpaʻa, ka nui o ka meaʻai meaʻai, ka pāpaʻi calcium-enzyme, nā hoʻololi a i ʻole nā ​​loli i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiko-phosphatase ；

TDLo waha iole: 3330mg/kg/90D-I, hoʻololi endocrine, hoʻololi i nā ʻāpana koko-serum (e like me ka polyphenols tea, bilirubin, cholesterol), hoʻoneʻe biochemical-enzyme, hoʻohuli a hoʻololi i ke koko a i ʻole nā ​​pae kiko-dehydrogenation Hoʻololi Enzyme

3. ʻIkepili Mutagenicity: hoʻololi gene a me ka mitosis recombinationTEST system: Yeast-Saccharomyces cerevisiae: 5ppm;

Hōʻike Micronucleus IntraperitonealTEST ʻōnaehana: rodent-rat: 175mg/kg/24H.

4. He haʻahaʻa iki ka ʻawaʻawa ma mua o ka o-dichlorobenzene, a hiki ke komo i loko o ka ʻili a me ka mucous membrane. Hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ka ate a me ka puʻupaʻa. ʻO ka pae olfactory paepae olfactory he 0.2mg/L (wai maikaʻi).

5. ʻAiʻona nui LD50: 1062mg/kg (iole intravenous); 1062mg/kg (ka ʻōpū ʻiole)

6. Irritant ʻAʻohe ʻike

7. ʻO ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka gene mutagenic a me ka hui hou ʻana o ka mitotic: Saccharomyces cerevisiae 5ppm. Ho'āʻo Micronucleus: hoʻokele intraperitoneal o 175mg/kg (24h) i nā ʻiole

8. Carcinogenicity IARC carcinogenicity loiloi: Pūʻulu 3, ʻaʻole hiki i nā hōʻike i loaʻa ke hoʻokaʻawale i ka carcinogenicity kanaka.